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BEASTES.
Deferibing the true and liuely figure of euery Beaft,with a difcourfe
of their fenerall Names, Conditions, Kintes , Us sues (both naturall and
medicinal) Countries of their bregg, their loue andhate to Mankinde, and the |
wonderfull worke of God in their Creation, Preferuation, m and Deftruétion. at Necelfary for all Dinines and Studerts,becaufe the flory of euery Beaft is amplified with Narrations ont of Scrip- tures, Fathers, Phylofophers Phyfitiansand Poets: wherein are declared diners Hyerogliphicks Emblems, Epigrams, and ether good Hiffories, Collected out ef allthe Volumesef C o wk a pv s Gzswam anda - other Writers to this prefent day. By Epwakp Topszr. |
B | Gorgon
S OLOND OM, "Printed by William Iaggard. I 46 p 7°
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THEREVEREND ‘AND RIGHT
WORSHIP VEL; Ricaarp Nerrs, Di of Divan ar v, Deane. of VV eftminfter, Maifter of
rhe'S a vox; and Clearke of the King bis most excellent jag Maicfties Clofct, all felicity Temporall, (Immo
| Spicituall, and Eternall.
pre | He Library ef Englifh Bookes, and Catalogue of writers,
ly ee GA (Right Worthy and Learned D x & w wy meft relpected Ji Patron) hane gromne to the height, not oncly ofa iuf? | number but almoft isnumerable : and no maruell, fer God
d bath im allages preferued lerning in the next place to fes for as life is the Minifteriall Goucrner and sooner in tbissmerld, fa is learning the Mumfiertal Gouerney aud “lt moeuer in life : As an Interpretor tw a flrange Country is gece]. ary for a tratieller that 1s ignorant of. Langua 'es( or | elfe he]hauld perifhs) fois knowledge and learning tows " peere Pilgrims im this our Perigrination, eut of Paradice, unto Paradice; whereby cenfufed B xu Ls tongues are againe reduced to their fienifi-
. Lj
ee
as Dialects, not inthe linilders of Bane vx. to further and fini[) an earthly Tewer, but inthebuilders of Y&&v s^ vu M, fo bring them allto their owne Cauntrey NN hich they fecke,and ta the defired ref? of fonles. ‘Licerae obftetrices artium quarum beneficio ab interitüt Vndicaritüz. 24s life zs different and diners, according to the [prit wherein it 18
feated; and by which it is norifbed as with acurrents o al [o 15 Learning cor cing to thetaft.,
af rules Canons and Authors, from whom as froma Fountaine it taketh
ve, andpract ife
Lotbbeeinning andencrea[e s euen as the fpirit of a Seypent is much quicker then the [irit of *
an Oxé; and the Learning of Ariftotle and Pliny mere liaely and light {ome then the knew- ledge of ether obfcure Phila[ophers, unworthy to be named which either through enuie or Non proficiencye dur/? neuer write, 9i cum hag excep tione detur fapientia vt illam
inclüfim tenea,nec enuntiem,reijciam.Noullius beni fine focio iucunda eft poffeffio.-
And therfore I. [ay with Petrus Blefen:Scientiarum generofa poffeffio in plures difper- fa, non perditur, & diftributa per partes, minorationis detrimentum non fentit : fed co diuturnius perpetuata feneícit quo publicata foecundius fe diffundit. The greateft men flored with all helpes of Learning Nature e Fortune were the firft wri- ters who asthey did'exeel ether menin po[effans C wordly dignity, [o they masifefted their Vertues and Woorth in the adition of excellent parts of knowledge, eitherfor the delight or profit of the world, according to the Poets profe (Gon : |
Aut ptodeffe volunt aut dele&tari poet,
- Autfimul & iucunda & idonea dicere vitz,
Omnetulitpun&um qui mifcuit vtile dulci, .
Le&orem dele&ando pariterque monendo.
aa au A 3 M out cd ey
n i E | J^ aH b In E
Bith, Iuel.
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: - » | N i x | The Epiftle Yet now of late daies this cuftome hath bin almoft difcon tinued to the infinite preiu- dice of facred inuiolable Learning and Science, for Lurpis fepe fama datur minoribus, (as Aufonius wrote in bis time) for indeed tbe reafon 15 pregnant : Haud facileemergunt quorum virtutibus obftat, Res angufta domi. " But yet the great Recfour or Chauncellor of all the Academyes inthe world lefus Chrift, Inwhom arehid all the treafüres of wifedome and knowledge, the Maifler of that Colledee wherein be was but a Seruantor Steward, That was learned in all thelear- ning of the Egyptians, (Imeane Mofes) the firft writer, the firft Author, the firft com- mender of knowledge, and thefirft ordainer of a lawfull Common-wealth, and ruler of Church and flate, bath not leaft our age without fome monuments of creat Princes JEarls, Lords and Knights for the Ornament and honour of learning, who for penerall and-par- Ticular canfes and benefits haue added their names ta the foctety of writers, and divulged their workes in print, which are likely ta bé remembred to the worlds end, Such are our mot temperate, lujt, VVife, and Learned King and’ Soneraigne. The Right Noble, and Honourable Earle of Surrey long ago departed out of this earthly Horizon, Thenow li- wing Earles of Dorfet, Northampton, Salisbury, and many Knights, Sir Phillip Sid- ney, Sir George Moore, Sir Richard Bartlett, Sir Frauncis Haftinges, and others. But of Aarons, and [ach as fit at the Helme of theCharch, or are woorthily aduaunced for their knowledge in learning and fate, Tmeane both Bifbops and Doétors, almoft ine numerable of all whom Ican fay no more, if Iwere woorthy ta fay. any thing, then apply unto them particularly that which was [aid of one of the greatefl [chollers and Diuines that euer England had. Dicobfecro fancta ^ *» Pofteritas, nec enim mihi fas eft dicere : tantum Detantis tacitum, aut tantos audire tuuabit. Ce Then why fhould I prefate, being enery way the leaft and meaneft of all other; now the third time to publifh any part of my comcemed ftudées for the age prefent and fucceeding, and fo tohawe myname inrolled amongst the benefactors and Authors of Learnings Ej Non omniagrandiorztas, |= Sea Qua fugiamus habet 5 feris venit vfus ab annis. (5 5;
Alas fir T haue neuer abounded in any thing, except want and labor and Ithanke-God that one of thefe hath bin prepared to feed the other therefore 1 wil not [fl and upon any mans ob- jecf ions who like Horfes as tt ts in the fable being led empty wel fed and without burdem Ao forie the laden Affe adding mifery to bis loade til his backe was broke,and then wasallaid upon the pampred di[dainfull Horfe : euen fo, thefe proud difpleafing [pirits are eafed bythe Labors of us that beare their burthens, and if they content not them[elues with eafe but wil alfo it in the feat of the [carn ful Jet themvemeber, that when eur backs be broke,they muff ‘take vp the carriage But pardon me I befeech you) if by way of Preface I open my hart unte
your War: who is better able then ten thoufand of the Momuffes, and mere charitably ge~ nerous inreceiuing [uch gifts with the right hande (as the[e are) although thay were ginen vuith the left s for feeing 1 haue chofen you the patron of this worke, 1 vvil breefely declare and open my mind vato you concerning the whole Volume, [paring amy other praifes of your demerits then thofe uvhich by Martiall ave afcribed to Regulus, vvhich Iovill vvithont flattery or feare of the enuious thus apply vate you :, Cum fit Sophiz par fama & cura deorum [SSS.Trinicatis] Ingenio pietas nec minor ipfa tuo. : . Ignorat meritis dare munera, quitibi librum / Ec qui miratur [Nejile] Thura dari. 2 So tbepleaume the[e peroations , I vvil endeanor to proue unto you that this uverk which Inow publifb and divulee unto the world,under the patronage of your name is Dinine,cr neceffarie for allmen to knovv; true and therefore vvithout flander or [ufpietous feandall tobe receiued s and that no man ought rather topublifh this vnto the World, then a Disine or Preacher, For the ffr[H that theknovuledge of Beafts like as the knowledge of the other creatures and workes of God, ts Deuine, I fee no canfe why any man fhoulde doubt thereof, Seeing that at the firf they were created and brought toman as we mayread Gen.1.24,2 E. ard allby the Lord lawsfelfe,fo that their life and creation js Deuine in re[pett of their ma-
"
T Aes Co ' — ~ Dedicatory. : kev their naming diuine inre/pect that Adam out of the plenty of his ewndenine wifdeme; gane them their [eueral appellations,as it were out of a Fountaine of prophefie, fore(hewing the nature of euery kind in one elegunt ci fignificant denomination, which to the great lo[fe of all his children was taken away,loft cx confounded at Babel. When Laffirm that the know- lede of Beafts i Demine,I do meane no other thing then the right and perfect defcription of their names, figures, and natures, and this isin the Creator bim[elf mof Denine sci there- fore fuch as ws the fountain, fuch are the ftreams y//uing fro the [ame into the minds of men.
Now it is moft clearein Gen. how the Holy.ghoft remembreth the creation of al lining creas ©
tures, and the Four-footed next before the creation of man, asthogh they alone wereapoin- ted the V{hers, eoing immediately before the race of men. And therefore all the Deuines ob- ferue both in the Hebrew, in the Greeke and Latine that they were sreated of three feneral forts or kinds The firft Jumentum, 45 Oxen,Horfe, Affes ci {uch like, Quia hominum iuuamenta. The fecond , Reptile quiahominum medicina. The third, Befüa 1: 2 vaftando, for that they were wild c depopulators of other their affociats rifrma alfo againft man, after that by his fal he bad loft his firft image & integrity. Now were it not aknovv- ledge Deuine why fhould the holy Scripture relate it and deuide the kinds ? Yea, why fhonld al holy men take examples fro the matures of Bealts Birds cie. & aply thé to henenly things, except by the ordinance of God they were both allowed aud commaunded foto dosand there~ forein admiration of them the Prophet Dauid crieth out Quam magnifica funt opera tua domine, omnia in fapientia fecifti. The old Manichees among other bla[phemies accufed the creation of hurtfull, venomous, ranening, and defiroyina Beafts affirming them to bee made by an euill God and al[o they accufed the er eation of Mice and other unprofitable evea- tures, becaufetheir dulneffe was no kinder tothe Lord, (but like cruel and coueteus mtfers, made no account of thofe beafts which broght not profit to their purfe. You know Right Ler- aed n.y how that aane Father anfwereth that ealummy firft affirming that the fame thing which feemed ydleto men, was profitable to God s and the [ame that appeared ugly to then, was beautifull to him, Qui omnibus vtitur ad gubernationem vniuerfi. He therefore wifely compareth afool that knows not the wfe of the creatures in this World,to one tgnorant that commeth into the workehou[e of a cunning man, viewing a number of flrange tooles, and hauing no cunning but in am Axe or a Rake phinketh that al thofe rare inuentions of a vife Workman are ydletoies: and vubilft thus hethinketh, wandring to and fro,not loo. king to his feet , faddenly falleth into fome furnace in the fame Work-houfe,or chance to take vip [ame fharpe tool whereby he is vveunded. ther he alfathinketh that the fame are hurtful and danngerous. Quorum tamen vfum quia nouit artifex, iofipientiam eius irridet, & verba ineptanon curans officinam füam conflanter exercet. Bw? uve that are afbamed to deny the ufe of infiruments in the fheps of rare ii ae rather admire their inuen- tion yet are wot afratd to condemn in Gods florebouf[e fundry of bis creatures which arerare inuentions, although throuch folly we bevveunded or harmed by them and therfore be con cludeth that al beajts are either viiliaand agammft them we dare net [Deake s or pernitiofa, whereby we are terrified,that we [hould not loue this perillous life, or elfe they are superflua, uvhich to affirme were mof ridiculous: for asin a great houfe all things are not for vfeybut Jome for ornament. fo is it 1n this World,the inferior pallace of God. Thus far Auften. Therfore I will conclude this fir ft part, that not only the knowledge of the profitable crea- ture ts diuine aud was fir/t of alltaucht by God ,but alfo of the hurtfull : For awife Man faith Salomon fecth the Plague (by the reuelation of God) and hideth himfelfe from it. And ohn Bap: Quis vos docuitabiraventura fugere. The/e things baue I principallie laboured in this Treatife, to fhew vato men what Beafts arerheir friendes, and what their Enemies, vvhich to truft amd whith aveyd,in which to find nori[Dment and which to [hun as poifon. Another thing that per[wadeth me in the nece(ffarievfe of this hiftory that it was deuineve as thepreferuation of al ereatures lining, which are ingendred by copulation (ex- cept Fifbes Jin the arkeof Noah : vato whom it plea[ed the creator at that time teinfufean in[lincf, and bring them home to man as to a fold: furely it was for that a man might gaine out of them much deume knowledge,fuch as ts imprinted in them by nature yas atipeor [park of that great vvifedome whereby they vere created In mice and Serpents aforeknowledge of things to come,tn the Aunt and Pifmire a prouidence againft old age; in the Bear the'loue of yong : in the Lyon his [lately pacesin the Cock & fheep, change of weather y as S. Bafil ia
Me em o mem
(eZ p 4 | d D /") 4 ut Py, ONS , JJ fA
a
The Epiftle
bis Hexaimeton, etiam in Brutis quidam futuri fenfus eft, vt nos prefenti vite non ad- di&i fimus,fed de futuro feculo omne ftudium habeamus. — — :
For this caufe there were of beafls im boly féripture three holy fes, one for facrifice, ano- ther in vifion, and athird for veproofe andinftructien. In Sacrifices were the cleane beafts, which men were bound frftto knowe, and then to offer s for it ts vnreafonable that thofe things fhould be facred at the Lordes altar, which are refufed worthily at prinate mens Ta-
bles. Naw althongh we batte no v{e of [acrificing of Beasts, Nam ficut bruta pro peccatis -jmmolabantur, ita iam vitia pro corporibus. Yet we baue v[e of cleane Beafts for foode
and nourifbment, and therefore for the inrithing of the minds and Tables of men, it &s nece- ary to know not onely the liberty that we haue to eat, but alfo the quality and uwtriment of the Beal! we eat , not for any Religion, but for health and corporal nece[iity.T. his point # alfa opened in this fory, and the other of Sacrifice, wherein I baue not omitted to [peak of the Di- uine ve of enery Beafl both among the Lewes, and amang the prephane Gentiles. ew for the fecond holy v[e of Bealts in viftons, the Prophet Daniels vifions, and Ezekiels, and S. lohnsin the Revelation doe telifre of them, whereby the moft Deuines haue obferued how great Princes and kingdomes after they haue [Dakenoff the practife of Inflice and piety turn Tyrants and ranening Beafls.For fo man being in honor underfiandeth not but becommeth like the Beafts that perifh,and fo,as Dionifius faith by viftons of beafts Wnfima reducuntur
er media in fuprema. Now there were as S. Augufline faith three kinds of vsfions,Sen- fibiles,intelle&uales,& imaginarix:the frr/f were mofl pregnat becaufe tothe underflan- ding and conceiuing, a man nenerlofi his fences, and therefore Ged did fodainely create fa- sage Beafisboth of naturall and extraordinary fhapes, whereby be fhewed to his feruants the Prophets, the ruiue or wprifing of beaftly flates and kingdomes. And not onety thus, but al- fà im heauen (as Saint Yohn faithythere are foure Beaffs full of eyes before the throne of Gad: both which mul needs magnifiethe knowledge that we may haue of thefe Quadeupedess for feeing God hath vfed them as Sacraments or Myfteriestocontaine hus will Cot onelyin
- monftrous treble-headed, or (euen- horned-foapes) but alfoin pure ordinary, pathral lims cin
astbers:how foal we be able to geffe at the meaning in the feeret that do not underfiand the
vencaled? And what v[ecan we make of the innifible part ofthat Sacrament, where we
know not the meaning of the viftble? Doth the Lord compare the Dinell to a Lyen y euill
Iudges to Beares; falfe prophets to Woluess feret and crafty perfecutors to Foxes open ene-
mies in hoftility to wilde Boares s Heretickes and fale Preachers ta Scorpions; good mente
the Fowles of Heauen, and MartyrstaSheepsand yet we haue go knowledge of the nature of Lyons, Wolnes,Beares, Foxes, IWilde-Bores yor Scorpions. Surely when Salomon faith to
the flacgard goto the Pifmire,he willeth bia to learne the nature of the Pifmire, and then
according thereto veforme his manners: And fo all the world are bidte learne the natures
of all Beafls for there is alway fomething to be learned in theme, according 10 this faying of Saint Bafil.A deo nihil non prouidum in nature rebus eft,neque quicquam pertinen-
tis,ad fe cure expers,& fi ipfas animalium partes confideraueris, inuenies qued ne-
que fuperfluum quid conditor appofuit; neque neceflaria detraxit. Then it being cleare
that euery beaft isa natural vifion, uvhich «ve onght to [ee and underftand, for the more
eleare apprehenfion of the inuifible Maie/ty of GedsIvvill concludethat Ihane not omitted this part ofthe v[e of Beafis, but haue collected,expreffed, and declared, vubat thevuri-
ters of allages haue heerein obferued.
Novu the third and laft holy vfe that is made of Beafts in Scripture, # for reproofe and inflruitions fo the Lord in Iob.Ch, 38, c 39 mentioneth the Lyon, the Rauem, the Wilde~ Goats, the Hindes, the Hinde-Calues, the Wilde-A (ffes, theWuornghe Offrithethe Stork, the Puilfaut-Har[e;the Hauke, the Eagle, the Vulturethe Whaleyand the Dragons that i5, the Fovvles, Filbes Serpents and Four-footed-Beafls: Al vuhichhe reckoneth as known things to lob, and di[courfeth af as fir ange thingsin their natures as any ve bane infer. ted for trathin our Hiftory, as may appeáre to any man vvhatfoenersthat veil looke ffu-
dioufly into thew. | Shall radde beereuuto hovv Motes, and all the Prophets, Saint lohn Baptiftonr moft | bleffed
4
ar, -—
Dedicatory.
bleffed Santour faint Paule, and al the Writers (ince his time (both auncient and latter) bane made profeGon of this part of Diuinity sfo that he was anvnskilfull Deuine and nog apt toteash, which could not at his fingers end [eake of the(e things : for (faith our Saui- out) If I tell you earthly things and ye beleeue not, how fhall ye beleeue when I tel] youheauenly things ? :
Salomon, zs tt 15 witne[fed in holy Seriptureywrote of Plants, of Birds, of Fifbes, and Bea(ts, andeuen then when he flood in good fauour vvith God, therefore it is an exercife of the highe/t Wifdome to trauell in, and the Nobleff windes to ftudy in :for init as 1 wil ew yon (with your good patience for Ihaue no other preface) there is both the knowledge of god and man. If any man obiect Multa multi de mufca de apicula de vermiculo, paucade Deo, Jwill anfwer vvith the words of Theodorus Gaza: Permulta enim de Deois tractat, qui doctrina rerum conditarum exquifitiffima, conditorem ipfim declarar, neque mufca, neque vermiculus omittendus eft vbi de mira folertia agitur. Wherunto Saint Auften agreeth vvher be faith, Maieflatem diuinam aeque in formicze membris atque magno inuento tranante fluuium. | 44 for tbe knouvledge of man, miny and mof? excellent rules for publicke and priuatea fares , both for pre[erumg a good Cen[cience and anoiding an euill daunger, are gathered from Beas : Tt were to long torum ouer all, Tet. me(Ibefeech you) be bold 20 reckon afew uvhich difcend from wature our common parent, and therefore are neither ftrained, counterfait, incon[lant, or decciptfull s but free, full of
power toper[wade , true, bauine the feale of the higheft for their entdence s con]lamt and ne- uer altred in any age : faitbfull, fuch as haue beene tryed at fire and Touch-ftone.
Were not this a good perfwafion again? vaurder ,ta fee all beafts fo to maintaine their na- tures, that they kill not their owne kind. Who is fo-vnnaturall and vutbankefull to bis pa- rents, but byreading how the young Scotkes nd NN ood-peckers do in their parents olde age feed and nourifb themywillnot repent, amend his folly, and bee more naturall ? What map 15 fo void of compafften, that hearing the bounty of the Bone-breaker-Birde to the
eung Eagles, well not become more liberall? Where is there fucha flueeard and drone,that confidereth the labours, paines ,and trauels of the Emmet, Little-bee, Field-maufe SGutr= vell,and {uch other that will not learne for [Dame to he moreinduftrious, and [et his fingers zoworke Why fhould any man lining fall to do edill agatnf? his Confeience,or at the tempta~ tion of the Denull, feeine a Lyon wilt neuer yeeld: Mori {cit vnici nefcit 5 and | feesme the little NN ven doth fight with an Eagle, contending for Soneraignty? woulde it not make all mento renerence a good King fet ouer themby God? Seeing the Bees feeke out their King jf he loofe himfelfe, and by a mot fagacious [melling-fence pener ceafe till he be found out, and then beare hins upon their bedies if he be not able to firbutif he die they all for fake him, And what King is not inuited to clemency, and dchorted from tyranny, [ecing the king of Bees hatha fling, bat neuer vfeth the fame? —.- Sct
How great is the loue and faithfulneffe of Dogges, the meekne[fe of Elephants, the mo- defty or fhamefafine(f eof the adulterous Dyone[fes the neatneffeandpolitare of the Cat and Peacocke, the iuftice of the Bee uvhich cathereth from all flowers that which feructh their turne, aud yet deftroyeth not the flower. The caré of the Nightingale ta make her voice ples
fant, the chaftity of a Turtle, the Canonical voice andwatchfulneffe of acoeke, and to con- clude the utility of a Sheepe : All thefe and tem thoufand more I could recite, to fhew vvhat the knowledge of the nature of brutifh creatures doth worke ov teach the minds of men, but
ES
I'vvillconcludethis part vvith the vvords: of s. lerom again? Iouinian. Ad Herodem -
dicitur propter malitiam. Ite & dicite vulpi huic, Luke 15. ad Scribus & Pharifzos genimina viperarum Mat.23 .ad libidinofos equi hinmétes inproximorüfoeminas. Jer.5. devoluptuofo nolite mittere margaritas veftras ante porcos. De impudenti- ‘bus neque fan&um date canibus 447,7. de infidelibus Ephefi cum beftijs,pugnaui in fimilitudine hominum, 4274 thus fayre S. lerom t vvhereby we may boldly auerre by way of induction, thar wherein the knowledge of God, the knowledge of man, the precepts of Vertue, the meanes to auoid euill «re to be learned, that Science 1s Dinine and ought of all men to be inquired and fought aft er : and [uch haue I manifefled in this hiftory following. Now againe the nece/Sity of tlyis Hiftory is ta be preferred before the Chronicles amd re- cords
The Epiftle
cords of al ages made by men,becaufe the euents e accidents. of the time pafl , are peraduen- ture fuch things as fhall neuer againe come in vfe :but this [heweth that Chronicle which was made by God him|elfe,euery lining beaf being a word,enery kind being a fentence, and alof them togither a large hiftory,contaiming admirable knowledge ef learning whith wat, which is, which fhall continue, Gf not for euer) yet tothe worlds end.
Et patris, & noftras,nounmaue prematur in annum
Membranis intus pofitis delere licebit
uod non xdideris.
The fecond thing in this difcourfe which 1 haue promifed to affirme, is the truth of the Hy- flory ef Creatures, for the marke of a good writer sto follow truth and not deceiwable Fa- bles. And inthis kind 1 baue paffed the firaighteft paffage, becaufe the relation of moft thinges in this Booke ave taken out of Heathen vvriters, fuch as peraduenture are many times fuperflitroufy credulous, and baue added of their owne verie many rafbin- uentions, without reafon, authority, or probability, as if they had bene byred to fell{uch Fables : For, Nonbene condu&i vendunt periuriateftes. Zmenla not baue the Rea- der of thefe Hiftories to immagine that I laue inferted or related all that euer is faide of thefe Beafts, but onely fo much as is fatde by many, For in the mouth oftwo or three
' « witneffes ftandeth euerie word : and if at any time Ihaue fet downe a fingle Teftimony,
it was becaufe the matter was cleare and needéth not farther probation, or elfe 1 haue lad it upon the credit of the Author with [pecial words pat giuing the Reader any warant from me tobeleeue it. . Befides I baue taken regard to imitate the beft Writers, which was eafte for mee to doe, becaufe Gefher relateth euery mans opinion (like acommen place or Diuonary as he pro- felfeths Jand sf at any time he feemed obfcure,I turned to the Boakes. which Thad at bande to effe their meaning, putting in that which be bad left out of many good Autheurs, and lea- wing out many magicall deuifes.Now although 1 haue vfed no [ma!l diligence or care in col- lecting thofe things which were moft effentiall to enery Beaft, moft true without exception, and moft euident by the Veftimony of many good Authors, yet 1 baue deliuered in this trea- tife many flraunge and rare thinges, not as fictions, but Myracles of nature, fer wifemen tà behold and obferue to their fingular comfort sf they loue thepower, glory, and praifeof their maker, not withholding their con[ent to the things expre(fed, becaufe they intreat of lieing
. things made by God himfelfe.Siergo quetimus quis fecerit deus eft, Si per quod, dixit .
fiat, & facta funt: Si quare fiat, quia bonus eft. Nec enim autor eft excellentior deo, necars efficacior deiverbo, nec caufa melior, quam vt bonum crearctura deo bono, and this Plato faid was the onely cau[e of the worlds creation, vt a dco bono opera bona fierent. | |
Now Idee ina fort challenge a confent unto the probability of the[e thinges to wife and learned men,althongh no beleefe. For Fides,is credere inuifibilia but confenfus isa elea- uing or yeelding to a relation vntill the manifeftation of another truths and when any man foalliufily vepraue any thing 1 baue written far falfe and eroneous Y willmot (licke to releafe the Readers confent but make fatisfaction for v [urpation.But for the vnde and vulgar fort (whobeing utterly ignorant of the operation of Learning, do prefently condemne al firange things which are not ingraué im the palms of theirown hands-or euident tn their own heards and flockes): 1 care not, for my cares haue heard fome of them {peake againft the Hiflorie of Sampfon, vvbere he tied fire-brands to the tasles of Foxes, and many of them againft the soyracles of Chrift. 1ay remember you(R. NN «ofa Countrie tale of an old Ma iffe-Prieft in the daies of Henry the eight, vvho reading in English after the tran[lation of the Bible, the miracle of the fiue loaues and tvvo Fishes,andvvhen heecame to the verfe that recko- neth rhe number of the ghuefts or eaters of the banquet hee paufed a little, and at laft faid, they vvere about fiue hundred: The clarke, that vvas alittle vvifer, vvhifpered into the priefls eares that it was fiue thou[and but the prie! turned backe and replied uvith indig- nation Hold your peace fitrha, we fhall neuer make them beleeue they were fiue P A dred. Such
Dedicatory.
Such Priefis, fuch People, fuch perfons I(balldraw upon my backe, and although rdoe not challenge a power of not erring, yet becaufe I fpeake of the power of God, that is vnli- mitable, willbe bold to anerre that for truth in the Booke of creatures (although firft ob- Serued by Heathen men) which i$ not contrary to the booke of Scriptures.
Leflly, that it is the proper office ofa Preacher or Deine to fet foorth thee workes of
God, I thinke no vvife man will make queftion, for fo did Motes, and Dauid,and Salo-
mon, and Chrift, and s. Paule, and 5. Iohn, and s. Ireney, 5. Gregory, S. Bafil, S.
Auften, S. Ierom,S. Bernard iz his enarrations or Sermons uppon the Canticles, and of
later daies lidorus. The Monkes of Meffüeo, Geminianus, and to conclude that orna-
. ment of our time Yeronimus Zanchius. Fer how fhall we be able to fpeake the whole Ceun-
_ feof God unto his people if we read unto them but one of his boekes ywhen he hath another
inthe worlde, which wee neuer fiudy paff the title or outfide ; although the great Ged hane made them ain Epifile Dedicatory to the whole race of mankind. ».
This 15 my endeauor and paines in this Booke that I might prefit and deliehtthe Reader, whereinto he may looke an the Holye/t daies, (not omitting prayer andthe pubricke ferwice of God) aud paffe away the Sabbaeths ix heauenly meditations upon earthly creatures. I haue followedD.Gefner as meer as Tcould, Ido profelfe him my Author in moft of my flories yet Lhaue gathred vp that which he let falc added many pictures and flortes as may apeare by Conference of both together. In the names of the Beafts, and the Phificke I baue not fwar- ned from bim at all.He was a Proteftant Phyfitian, (ararething tofinde amy Religwn ina Phyfitian -although Saint Luke a Phy/itian were a writer of the Gofpell.) His praifes therc- fore [ball remaine, amd all liming creatures fhall witneffe for him at the laff day. Thus my la- bor what[oeuer it be, Iconfecrate to the benefit of allour Englifh Nation under your name and patronage, apublique profeffor,a learned ce reuerend Deuine, afamaus Preacher,obfer ued inCourt e Country,if you wil vouch{afe to allow of my labors, I fland not vpon others, co if it haue your comendation.jt foal incorage me to proceed to the refidue,wherin I feare no impediment but ability to carry out the charge, my cafe fo landing that 1 baue not any ac- ceffe of maintainance but by voluntary, benenolence for per [onallpaines , receiuing no more but alabor ers wages C but for you, that had alfo been taken from me .Therfore I conclude with the words of Saint Gregory to Leontius, Et nos bona que de vobis multipliciter
"praedicantur addifcentes, affiduepro gloria veftrz incolumitate omni-
potentem valeamus dominum deprecari.
Your Chaplaine in the Church of Saint Buttolphe Aldergate. EnvvARp TopsB Lt.
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THE PERS Per PASTE OF DOC T.
QoNuRADVS GESNERVS betore his Hiftory
of Foure-footed-Beaftes , concer-
ning the vtility of this Srory,
LL Patzos opuy (moft worthy aecomplihed men,) is in euery part excellent good, moftbeautifull,and moft wer- thy of the loueand honor of all mortall men, which ateher Clyents and Louers, (as all wiferand excellent men haue iud: ged) ineueryage. Butbecaufethe witsof men do differ, as education, conuerfation, cuftome,and the profitoflifeand \uing, and peraduenture many other caufes, do make many varieties of opinions in vs,which do poffeffe humaine minds; with very many preiudices, not onely inlearning and religi- = on,butalmoft in every thing; from hence therforeit com- meth to paffe,that fome do follow one part of learning which they altogether propouns dedtothemfelues, or for the occafion, and profit of the prefent eftate of their affaires. So isit with me, that I euen froma child, being brought vp ofa kinf-man ( practitioner
of Phyficke) haue tafted from my youth the loue of that profeffion : Andalthough I had alittle conceiued theknowledge of diuers things in the encreafe of my age, yet [left off the ftudy of phyficke; (morethen was meete,) becaufeI would not continue ouerlon therein 5 yetafterwards I returned again vnto the former ftudy thereof, thecare of houfe- hould affaires requiring the fameat my handes. But when I confidered the greate affini- ty of this Science with naturall Phylofophy, and that not any one can be accountedan excellent or learned Phyfitian, which hath not drawne ( asit were from a Fountaine) his firftinftru&ion from bookes of nature ; I diligently began to perufe the writings of Phi- lofophers, which haue difputed or debated of things pertaining to nature : In which thofe things did chiefely delightme,which did handle or intreat concerning mettals, plantes; and liuing creatures, and that for two caufes. Firftofall, becaufe there may bee had of thofethings a more true& certain knowledgethen of vnperfe&t or mixed bodies or Mete- ours, and certaine other things,toolearned or curious.or far remoued from fence, or fuch like, that a man can neuer hope for any fufficient knowledge ofthem, by any reafon or fence. | ! bci | _. Afterwardesbecaufetheir knowledge and. contemplation did not onely pertaine to phifick, butalfo to minifter andto gouerne cuery thing peculiar, as other arts which were much more profitableand neceffary. . Therefore Ifpent much time in this ftudy, fo that in {pared or borrowed houres, and as often as I did defiretorecreate my felfe fromother ftudies or bufineffes, I very deit- roufly turned co them many yeares, accepting them for my onely pleafures and.ioyes, whichhoures the commion fort of meu, and euen very many learned men, deidlely a+ bufe in walking, playing, and drinking. /
;: S, And although I haue confidered.and obferued very many thinges concerning
Plants,and other things, not fcene and confidered before me, or ateaft-wife broughtto
uj light
E
—— —
ME E EM E EMO i A DR EE
The fitt be- nifit of this
The firft Epistle
light ofno man before, therefore it would feeme leffe neceffary at this prefentto write ofthemsfecing that many do euen tothis day write learnedly and profitably concerning plants 5 Geor xAericola,a man worthy of great praife, hath moft learnedly and profitably written concerning mettals: wherefore I applyed my mind to the Hiftory offoure-foo- ted-beaftes handled lightly in our age;and onely in pattes. But whenthatl1íàw I (hould profit butlitele, except fhould adioyn the Hiftories ofthofe that haue trauailed inother countries, to thefe private ftadies, and gathering ofourowne. I wentfirlt ofallto fome points of the Germans, (but not many) andby and by after, I did adde thereunto mine ownetrauailes into Italy, not onely for this caufe, but for the honor of my Bybliothaca, that might reckon vp all kind of writers therein for the further honor theréof; ButifI had met with any Mecenas,or had had further ability, or my. fortunes greater, [hadtra- uailed further, both by Sea and land, into far remote places, for the enlarging of the fto- ry both of beafts and plants, for the benifit of all pofterity, although I am in my felfe ave- ry weake andfickly man. Butbecaufe that was not lawful, by reafon I wanted fufficient meanes, | hauedone that which I could, and haue got alfo fomefriendes vnto me out of diuers regions or parts of Europe, with whom after Icommuricated my purpofes, they
. returned vnto me fundry difcriptions of ftrange beafts, andthe moderne names of vul-
sar beaíts in many languages, with their pi&tures andthe true formes. Inthe meane time | did notonly fit ftilland turne ouer books, but gaue my felfe diligently to enquireof ene- ry Country-man or trauailer, a perticular and exa& obferuation ofthe nature of every beaft : andfor this caufe I conferred with ftrangers of othernations, whichby any occa* fion either were refident among vs, or paffed accidentally through our country; & made of their relation the moft diligent notes that I could gather, conferring hem with olde “writers and comparing one with another, till I had digefted the perfection of my inten- ted ftory, andthe method thereof for the drawing ofitintoa perfe&t body.
And thus by littleand litdethe worke or volume increafed,not only by my great tra- uaileand paines, but alfoto my great coftand charge, confidering my pooreand needy eftate: when I thought that it was growne great enough (for ifall things growinfinite and endleffe ) then I difpofed it to be printed and publithed to the world, leaftthat by defering the diuulgation thereof vader colour to learne moe thinges, that might happen to mee, which befalleth all men (namely Death) and fo I fhould by my owne modefty or backe- wardneflé,not onely ouerthrow my ownelabours, butalfo depriue well deferuing men, ofthe vniuerfall benificto be reaped by this ftory. Then I determined firftofallto begin with theftory of. foure-footed-beafts, fuch as are not generated in parts and vnperfe&ly asit were inanEgge, but perfe&ly and totally togetherin the dams belly, becaufe they were notonely the moft worthy, principall,and excellent amongall the creatures of this World next vnto men, but aifo, becaufe their naturall parts of body and difpofition, do moft ofall refemble mankind. And ofthe refidue, namely, füch as are conceiued out of Egges; eitherfoute-footed, or Birds, or Fifhes, or Serpents,or reptiles, (if God permit) we will entreat perticularly inanother Tome by it felfe. And thus much for the order, in creafe,occafion, and edition ofthis worke. . )
But fome man will inquire the caufe and reafon of fo greata labor and ftudyjand de-
flory to phy- maund of me what fruites, profit,and benefit, can come by this Hiftory ?To whom
ficke,
make this anfwere : Firft, the knowledge ofthis nacurall part of Phylofophye, isveryne- ceflary and profitable to Phyficke, and that many waies ; Firft, for that many beaftes are vfed for meate, nourifhment,and medicine, and for that caufe are not only applied out- wardly, but inwardly tothe body of man : & then mote particularly, becaufe about four: footed -beatts which breed in their own kind,for becaufe of the fimilitude they carry with mankind in body and affe&ions,they fuffer many difeafes in common with vs,which are cured by euery heard-man and leach in the fields: andalfothebea(ts themfeluesdo offer many profitable medicines for the cure of mens which the skilful Phifitian muft borrow from them, ifhewil be perfe& in hisart, and confcionable itr hisprofeffion. Bütif thata man bee woundedor poyfonedby ferpentes,Lyzards, creeping creatures, orbythe bi- tings of any foure-footed-beaftin his madneffe,or by fithes, ot ‘by eating them in meat,
"^ wherein the Phifitians skill isrequired,to thew the caufe and |cure of fuch a wounde,
where-
eae
of Conradus Gefnerus.
where (hall he find better dite&ion, then to be informed of the particular venom that ly
eth hid in euery beaft by nature, which thing we haucendeuored to, explaine inthisour —
Treatife. Moreouer thereare many neceflary obferuations about meate; drinke,fleepes
watching, quietneffe, and perturbation of affections in men, and other naturall motions whereby health is to be preferued,the perfeAeftrules and examples thereof are to bee drawen from bruit beafls, vato the vie of men.
And I haue proved by theinfpe&ion into this knowledge, that herein is layed the lar- geft foundation of Medicine, either by drawing it from thofe things which do naturally .
-. flow and fall from the beafts,or that whichthey fuffer and endure,or elfe from thofe things | which they haue obferuedtobe in them; for it more fafe and without impiety to make Wy tryall ofa new Medicine vpon a beatt, rather then vponaman. Andlaftly, feeing diuers Medicines arife out of euery part of euery beaft almoft, all which we haue recited in one place Methodically to gether, and part after part, heereby the Phyfitian fhall reape this. commodity, that when he hath any beaftin his hand, by looking into this worke he fhall find what part he ought to referue for medicine, and alfo to what fickneffe itisto beap-. plied.Andafter the fame maner may euery man chufe his meat, and know by this treatife what is moft, and what is leaft nourifhable, and agreeable tothe nature of man. And if it pleafed me to rehearfeal thar commeth into this catalogue about veility of beafts,I would fhew you how many arts and occupations of men,do raife maintenance and fuftentation from beafts, both to fell them for mony, and alfo to take them for meate: as the Fifher- men which follow the waters, taking for food fuch fifhes as by the ordinance of Godyaré ordained for that purpofe.
They which are Grafyers and keepe cattell ofall forts, liue vpon their changing, fat« ting, feeding, and felling. Thofe which make Butter and Cheefe, whereof there are many in the Mountaines of Helwetia, liue only vponthat labour, and thereforethe know- ledge of Kye, Oxen, Affes, Elkes, Reyners, Camels, and diuers other beaftes, is moft ne- ceflary for thefe men, from whom they draw Milke, and therefore good to maintaine and preferue their health. Therebe fome Horfe-leaches, Cowe-leaches, Oxe-leaches, and fuch like for this parpofe. There be that liue only vponthe Marchandizes of their skins,as Tawyers,Glouers, Curriers,Shoonsakers,and Breaft plate-makers of Leathers, . Sadlers, Leather-fellers, Purfe- makers, and fuch like. i, ~ Some againehanean Art to dreffe the skins with their haire and wooll vpon them,for - . - garments. Some liue by keambing, (hearing; {pinning, clothing, and making fundry ne- T ceffaries out of wooll, Goats haire,and Camels haire. Forthe vfeofthecattellaliue, I mightbe endleffeto fhewall, firftthe husbandmen vfe Oxen and Affes, the víc of Hor- i fes and Mules, both fortrauaile and plowing, and carriage . The Art ofriding commen- B dable for all forts of men, both in peace and warre, not onely for great Princes and Mo- narches,but for euery Cittizen: many thingsare vfed for buildings which canot be drawn | or brought together, but by Oxen, Horfles, Mules, Affes, Camels, Elephants,Reyners, 4 |
:ilkes;and fuch like. VV ho knoweth not the vfe of Dogges,for they keepe Houfes, and EC
cattell, and they attend, guard, and defend men :they hunt wilde beafts, they drive them M
away, or kill, or retaine them tothe hand of man, that he may be. conqueror ofthem. In |
Imo WP CM n3
fine, theknowledge of beafts is profitable to many arts, {ciences,and occupations,which | | | H may bebetter perceiued, by the particular practize and applicationof him that is fludi- A ous thereof, then by any other meanes. | ji |
But in the worke it felfe, it (halbe manifefted what vfe and commodity arifeth out of | 1 cuery beaft, what remedies, or Medicines, what for garmentes; what for meate, what for ! carriage, what for prognoftication of euill weather, what for pleafure and paftimes 3 fo . as we fhall not need to profecure thefe parts in this prefentEpiltle. 4 i
" Alfotherewantnot inftruétions out of beafls, by imitation of whofe examples, the liues at and manners of men arc to be framed to another and a better practile, which thing ismas ; pifeftedby learned and wife men, but efpecially by Theodorus Gaza, who difcourfeth ther- UM of inhis Praface vpon thebookes of Arifforle, of the partes of creatures; whofe wordes "WINE | wewillreciteintheEpilletoourReader: ||... 2 05- are: |
Butif | thould thew atlarge and copioufly, how many things may be collected out of | | | NIS E q 2 the |
The jirft Epistle: the knowledge ofbeafts for familiar and houfhold affaires, I might be infinite; but fceing Ihauealready fhewed how neceffary they bee for hus bandry, for méat, for carria ge,and {uch like, ir muft be vnderftood that all chofeicommodities belong to this part of Occo- : nominall profit. | E
Thelike I may fay of the pleafure in their contemplation 5 for aldiough all their vtilities cannot be knowne, andin many thinges they are not benificiall to men, yetifa man be skilful and haue any vnderftanding,he thal be much delighted by looking into the natutes of beafts, by confideration of the many and infinite differences among them, whether he re{pe& their body, or their minds, or their actions: for what is more wonderfull then the voice or extemporall fong of many Birdes, who although they ‘be far diftahtand remote from vs, and will not abide our prefence for natural fear of death, yet is not the eleborate deuife of muficall and artificiall numbers, meafures, and voyces of men comparable vnto them. Pliny that Star and ornament of bis time, fpendeth a great deale of labour in the ad- miration ofthe Nightingale. And what man withall his witte, can fufficiently declareand proclaime the wonderful induftrious minds ofthe little Emmetsand Bees;moued amo with no bodies, being filly things, and yet indued with noble and commendable qualities, in deformed members ; fo that I might conclude, thatthereis not any beaft whichhath not onely fomthing init whichis rare, glorious, and peculiar to himfelfe, but alfo fome- thing that is deuine.
Wherefore I may feemeafoole, to handle thefe thingsina Preface which are Copi- orfly difcourfed in the whole worke. Aviffotle maketh ita true property ofa Noble, libe- rali, and well gouerned mind, to be more delighted with the rare, plefant, and admirable qualities of a beaft, then with the lucreand gaine that commeth thereby. v Semar
For it is a token ofa filthy, beaftly jilliberall, and wretched mind, to loueno more then We can reape commodity by. There be very many things which donot yeald any profit to the pofleffors or owners, but only pleafethem,& allure their minds by outward form and beauty, fo do the moft pretious ftones, as Adamants » Topazyes, Iacynthes; Smarad gs Chryfolytes, and many fuch other thinges; by the wearing whereof, no man 1s deliue- red either from fickneffe or perill (although fome fuperftitious perfons put confidence inthem for fuch vertues) but haue creptinto the fauourand treafures of men, onely be- caufelike earthly ftars they fhine and glitter in the eies of men,refembling the refplendant glory andlight of heauenly bodies,and other vfethey haue none: and in the meane time, he that fhould prefer free- ftones firted and {quared for buildings, or elfe Whet-ftones, or Mil-ftones, and fuch like, which are moft neceffary for priuate víe and commodity, yet doethey feemevilein comparifon of others; and that {hould prefer all ofthembefore one of the other,he fhould be acounted no wifer then Ae/ops Cocke: andif he fhould but equall them in price and eftimation in like fort, he fhould be iudged an egregious blocke or foole; and yetthe beft of thefe are withoutlife, without {piric,immoueable,and vawor- thy. Forthis caufethere is noneofthe creatures but. deferue, a far more admiration and efteeme ; and among lining creatures, all thofe which containe noble {pititsin bafe and ‘vilebodies, without apt Organs and in ftrumentes for the better mouirig oftheir bodies : Forasin clocks we admire theleffer more then the greater, fo ought weto admirethe lef fer narrow bodies indued with fuch induftrious fpirits, more then the greater, broader, andlargér beafts : for all workemen do fhew more art, skill, and cunning inthe fmmall and Jittle price of worke, then the greater... rote cand -. Solinus writeth, that Alexander the great had Homer Iiads writen in Parchment, fo clofe together, that it might be contained in a Nut-(hell- The like admiration wasthere of the exile aiid curious fmall works of Myrmrcidas the Milefan, and Callicrates the Latedémo- nian, for they made Chariots fo {mall chat they might be conered withand vndera flye, and inthebrim thereofthey wrote two exameter verfes in Golden letters. And of C4//- ‘crates, Solinus writeth, that hee made litte'Emmets out of Iuory fo artificially, that ie could notbe difcerned from the liue ones : euen fo, nature hath flrone and firainied: to excell more inthefe vilecreatures ofno reputation, their in greaterand nobler creatures.
_Thereis nothing that confifteth of matter and forme, but that one of them is worthyer, and the other vile; and therefore the body andthe foule in man, haüe the refpe& of mat-
ter
,
of (Conradus Ge/nerus. ter, and the foul is the form,becaufe ofthe power of mouing fences,and a&ions:where forewhenwe feeall thefe powers, as itwere predominant in a little creature that hath al- mo{tno body(as the outward proportion of Emmets and Bees)what thal we thinkezbut how admirably is it able to worke without the matter in the forme alone,, fhewing itin a kind of vifible nakednes, to be feene withoutthehelp of corporall Organs ; and thetefore they are not fct before vs like (ports & paftimes to reioyceat; butas honorable emblems of Divineand fupernaturall wifedome.For if we admire the little body ofa man;becaufe
Aebeareth the moft glorious ymage ofall thinges in his proportion, and the ymage of ©
Godin his foule and minde , then certainely next toa man, wee oughttoadmirethefe
beaíts, which dofo refemble man, as man-doeththe: eternal! andliuing God, creator of ©
themandhim. Pli#yvnskilfully calleth nature the:cómmon parent ofal creatures, which indeedis the infinite maiefty of God ; yet he writethetfe&aally;that there was so litiin
creature made onely for this caufe; that it (hould: eat, or thatit(hould: fatiatearidíatiste —
other,but alfo it was ordained to be bred and brought foorth fot fauing Arts and there foreitis in grafted euen in the bowelsand intrals of deafe and dumobethinos.: | .
Now for the creatures which are profitableto men; as fheep,Oxen, Horfeszind fuch © like; when welooke vpponthem, wee cannot onely admire the -wifedome and power of >» Godin their cteation,but alfo we ought to giue hereby thanksto histmaiefty fortheir cre+ |.
ationand conferuation in their feuerallkinds and orders, forthe vfeand behoofe'of men,
And for thofe things which are altogither vnprofitáble to men; we ou ghttowoohder as -:
muchat their vileneffe, as they want of profitablenes : For thofeadmirable gifts and po-
wersarenot common to all little beafts,as we fee they are in Elephants, Lyons, Camels, & fuchvother,for then we fhould wonder arthem theleffe ; but yetinfom of chelitleones »>
there are farre more excellent properties then ib ahy of the greateft. Confider with what artand indruftry the Bee frameth her Combe, andthe Emmet ftoreth her neft, and tell
me if the wit and eloquence of man, beable fufficiently to expreffe and praifeit? Befide, >»
their perpetuall concord, dilligence.and agreement in the adminiftration, gathring,and
{pending ofall their ftore,infomuch as eythir they feemto be deriued from natureorels —
froma deep reachof wit, reafon, and vnderftanding:neitherare they theleffe admirable ifwe grant thatthefe vertures are not naturaland proper,nor proceeding from reafon & wil, for they are noleffe the ftrange or ftranger worke of God:For what aDiuine thing is
it, that thefebeafts atraine tothat vpona fudden, without inftru&ion and teaching; and =>
therefore by inftin@ anda kind of reuelation which men donot attaine in long exercife, pra&ife & fludy?Thefe are affuredly enident teftimonies of divinity (for the Lord is mer-
uailous inal his works, either in nature,or reafon &wil,or contrary to both without al in- 5
tercceding mean,for al thefe haue dependance vpon his pleafure.For how can his Diuine power, wifedome, and goodneffe, euer be abfent from the world, (1 meane from man the prince of the world) when fuch excellent gifts are made vifible in little beafts, that euerie day peri(h andare corrupted eafily;and ingendered againe by their owne putrifaction,fo as they neuerfailein kind, euen thofethatare fo fmal & little in body that they can fcarfe be feen by the cies of man? thefe things are to me vnanfwerable arguméts ofthe prefence and power of God : forthatthey moue and bee ina&tionit proceedeth of his power, in that they vfe their fences, and thereby follow andattainethofethings which are profita- bletothem, and avoyd al burtful things contrary to their nature,becaufethey build them houfes and places of habitation,make prouifion for their food and viduals it proceedeth of his wifedome; but in that they nourifh their young ones,& loue one another inal out- ward appearance, living in flocks togither, as if they had knowledge of fociety, andcon- fent vnanimoufly totheir work and labour, it is likewifea token and vifible emblem of his goodnes. The firft caufe therefore of thefe virtues, or whatfoeuer you wil calthem, 24e4, or Original, muft needs be the abfolute example of God the Creator.
And wee muft not {uppofe, that his moft excellent Maiefty hath proponed thefe pat: ternes vnto vs by chance orrafhly, without purpofe of this end; that it fhould betovsas cleareas the light (Omnia diuinitatis effe plena) that all things:are fullof his Diuinity : fee- ing thata sparrow lighteth not on the cround without bis will: Andthe poet faide : God is ire the middeft of Beats, Men , Markets, and Sea.
«4| 3 And
Saas
* a EX "I T 2T AD
» The firft Epistle
Andheere Tcaiirfot containe my felfe from relating the words of Ariffole, for Ttruft
thacho man will blame ine, if Lalledge and writeany thing truely and fitly, although it
bein ánother mans words : for itis notto be regarded who faith, but what is fayedor
Ípoken.. »- ! 33 | ec : "[hustherefore he writeth : Among thofe creatures which are leffe acceptableto our fences, nature which is the common: mother of all, bath ordained many delightes and sleafuresin them, foranen which vnderftand their caufe or can reafon of their Natures «€ liberally :fer this thing is abfurd and farre fromall reafon, that becaufe we cannotlooke vpponthe ymagés andypperfaces-of creatures andnaturall thinges, painted and fra- med, without wealfo: behold inthemthe wit and Art of the Painter, and that therefore
€c
cc
_ €€ wecantakeleffe pleafurein theworke; forthe Worke-mans fake.
_ Forifwecanattaineto the true caufes, we fhall noleffe kiffe and imbrace the con- templation of the very: &&ni of naturall thinges, with woonderfull diligence and ala- «c crity: and forthiscaufeit isa bafethingeto defpife thenature and conftitution of the , {mallerand vilerbeafts,fit for Boyes andchildi(h minds sfor there is not any work of na- rure, wherein there isiór fome wonderfull thing, therefore that is true which Heraclitus cc {ayedtothem that fóllowed himrynto a hor-houfe, wherein hefat towarme his body, and ,, Whenheperceiued thátthey were ‘affraid to comein, he cryed out vnto them, that they * thouldabftaine & forbearete enterboldly, becaufe Nehine quidem loco defunt dy immor-
cc talis: "NAhatenenin this place you fhall findctheimmortall Gods. | ^— Andthis rule mufibe followed inlooking into the nature of Beafts : for we ought to * enter intotheir confideration without feareorblufhing, feeing the operation'ofnature «c iseuery where very honeftandbeautifull, for therein is nething done inconfideratly and withouta trucend, butall things aduifedly fora certain and determinat purpofe;and this
F€ purpofe dothalway containe both goodnesandhonefly.
cc .— Butifany manbefo Barbarous;asto thinke that the beafls and fuch other creatures, carinoraffoord him any fübie&t woorthy of his contempaltion, thenlet him thinke fo of ** himfelfe -likewife ; for what ignoble bafeneffe is there in bloode, fleth, bones, vaines, «c andfuch like? Doth not the body of man confift thereof ? Andthen howabhominable art thoutothy felfe, thatdoeft aorrather looke into thefe which are foneere ofkinde vn-
* tothee? n pons iths ce AndImayaddeasmuchofthem, that reafon of matter without forme,:orvfe forme
without matter, asofa houfe without the fides, or of a veffell without the beft part ;and
€
"E kk As
_ © andfo is he thatlooketh vppon one part of naturé and not the whole: or on thofe things
cc Which cannot befeuered from the fubftaunce, Thus farre Ariftotle, whofe wordes I haue expreffed at large, becaufe as we haue borrowed all his fubftance, and inferted it into our difcourfe, fo I thought it not good to omit his preface,
* Seeing thefe thinges are thus, we cannot but thinke that euery ftory of a beaftis likea feuerall Hymne, to praife the Diuine wifdome and goodnes,from which as from a pure eüer-fpringing-fountaine, proceed and flowall good, beautifull, and wife a&ions: Firft, thorough the heauenly fpirits and degrees of Angels and celeftial bodies: afterward tho- rough the mindsofinen, beginning at the higheft, and fo proceeding to the Joweft, ( for cuenin men the giftesand graces of God differ, ) and from men toother creatures that haue life or fence; as to plants and inanimate bodyes,fo as theinferiors do alwaies fo com- pofe themfelues tothe imitation of the füperiours, euen as their fhaddowes and refem- blaunces. | :
Andiathefe doth Diuinity defcend, firft to fupernaturallthings, andthen tothings naturall: and we muftturne faile and afcend firftby things naturall, before we can attaine andreach thinges fupernaturall .. Inthe meane time Diuinity it felfe remaineth one and the fame, withont changeand alteration,notwithftanding the manifold increafings and decreafings of allthefe creatures, which it vfeth but asGlaffes and Organs 5 andac- cording to the diuerfity both ofmatterand forme;itíhineth and appearethin oneand — - other moreor leffe, euen as wefecin our owne bodies, whofe foule is diffeminated in- toeuery part and: member, yet is there a more lively reprefentation thereof in one patt and member; thenin another, and the faculties more vifibly and fenfibly appeare
in
of Conradus Gefnerus.
in the vpper then in the neather partes; But yetwith this difference, that the foule is fo. ioyned to the body, as with akind of Sympathy it fuffereth harmeand ioy withthe fub- ic& wherein itis circumfcribed but none of thefe things do happen tothe Diuinity :for itis fo communicated to creatures;as it neicher is any part or matter, or forme of them 3 nor yetcanbeaffe&ed by any thing the creature fuffereth, nor yet included in the crea: ture 5but yetis in all, and ouer all, and withoutall;and aboue all; compaffing, filling and furpaffing heauen and earth : infinite and impoffible, and concluding the whole World, vifibleandinuifible. be: e | :
— Andtruely thefethinges fur paffe all the wit of man, for we are notable with thought; and muchleffe with wordes,to expreffe it, and yetwe ought nottobe deterred forany caufe from the Confideration and contemplation. thereof, but rather after we haue wa- dedinthe fame, with alkhumility toacknowledge his power, andto view allthe helps for out infirmitimes : to adtnire his wiledome, and endeuour thereby to amend our igno- rance and encreafe our knowledge: and inconclufion, to beate downe our pride and malice, by prayfing and extolling his grace and goodneffe. For being thus affe&ed and couuerfant, in beholding thefe neather and backer partes of God, confeffing with thankes-giuing that all chefe thinges doe pro ceede from his Diuinity,we cannot, ftay but afcend vppe higher, to the worker himfelfe, vfing all thinges in this life but as Prickes and Spurres, for occafionand admonitions to thinke vppon and reuerence the prime Author. TET
For we hauecontinuall neede in this World to be put in mind and incited tothe ftudy and contemplation of heauenly thinges : and fo we fhall leaueall thefe things behind vs after this mortallife ended, and by the help of our Lord and Sauiour Iefus Chrift, who by hisonely death hath prepared for vs a way tothe kingdome ofineffable glory, where we (hall partake with the forepattes,and moft cleare reuelation of the vnfpeakeable ma- iefty of God : for thisis the end of our life, for which we were created, and alfo the {cope and conclufion ofall naturall knowledge of the works of God.
And leaft thatany man fhould thinke thacthefe thinges are ours, or the heathen Phylofphersfayings, and cannot be defended out of the facredand fupreme Teftimony of holy Scriptures, I willalfo adde fome few fayings recorded in the booke of God. Firft of alltherefore, when inthe beginning ofthe World God was about to create man who was to vfeal things, and to behold them inthis World as itwerein a Theater, he created all kind of Beaftes and creatures before man, that he mightbring him into. a houfe fur. nifhed and adorned with all thinges neceffary and dele&able: Afterward he brought into his prefence all the creatures to bee named by him, whichthe Scripture recordeth for excellency fake, (for it is no doubt but he named all thinges that fhould.céntinue to the Worldes end) yet expreffely there is no mention but ofliuing creatures,as Fithes, Foules, Cattell,and creeping things; that fothey might be fubmittedand vaffalaged to
his Empite,authority, and gouernment : which thing leaft it fhould feemebuta proud.
conie&ure, it isagaine repeated inthe biefiing that God pronounceth to man and all his pofterity;and againe after the loud vnto Noah and his Childeren. Every beaff Cfaith God) fhall be afraid of you, both the Beafles of the earth, and the Foules of heanen,and whatfo- euer isbred in the earth, or brought forth in the Sea S all are yours hat [oewer liuethand moueth jt is permitted to yaufor meate."
^. Andbefore when the floud was at hand, God commaunded-Noah to fuffer all beaftes that could not liue in the Water to enter the Arke, and of Foules and cleane Birds feuen ofakind, of impure, couples sto the intent that as for man they wereat firftcreated, and produced out of the earth, (o hee would that man fhould conceruetheir kindes, with- out contempt of them that were vncleane beafts. '
Furthermore in the booke of Kings; we read of Salomon,that God gaue him fuch wife: dome,that he excelledallthe wife and learned men of the world, and among other fruits and tokens of that wifedome there is remembred his parables threethoufand, hisverfes aboue fiie thoufande, his Hiftory of plantes from the high Cedar, tothe Hyfope ftalke, and lattly his difcourfe of Beafts, Birds, Fithes, and creeping things What 1$ man (fayth
Dauid) that thon fhouldft fo remember him, or the fonne of man, that thou fhouldft vifite him. ; Thes
emery
2 DS aN m eT - TOV
aad ue,
The firft Epistle
Thou haft fet him ouer the works of thy hands, and haft fer allthings under his feet :Oxenfheep, Foules, Fsfbes, and what[oeuer mouethin the Waters. And the fame King and prophetin another place. P/al. 148. Praifethe Lord, Dragons and all deepes,ye wilde beafts and creeping creatures, Buthow can Beattes praife the Lord ? Or how could they vnderftand the Pro- phets exhortation ? Surely, therefore we arecommaundedto praife God for them, con- tefling hisgoodneffe and wifedome inallthefe beaftes which hee produced forthe orna- ment of this prefent world. Dome |
And becaufe of thefe creatures the works of God, the Apofile S. Paule intheEpifile tothe Romans, Chapt. 2. telleth the Ethinckes that they arevnexcufable before God, for that they knew him by the creatures of his works ;and yet did nor glorifie him as God, neither were gratefull: For the inwifible thinges of God ,a bis eternall power and wifedome are eene bythe creation of the World. Andlaftly inthe Hiftory of ob.Ch.38, 39. you fhall finda large difcourfe to Job from che Lords owne mouth, concerning many beafts: And thefethinges may bee fpoken, concerning the excellency and dignity of the Hiftory of beafts, whereunto I willadde fome examples of the moft famous men‘and Kings of the world, to fhew what account they made of thislearning : and fo I will conclude this Prx- face. | Firft whataccountheereof was madeby Alexander the great,may be gathered by that which Pliny writeth, for he faith, that he being enflamed with the defireto know thebeafts and natures of creatures, appointed .472/forle (that infinitelearned man)to write his books of creatures, commaunding many thoufands, both in Afiaand Grecia, which exercifed Hunting, Hawking, Fithing, or that kepte Parkes, Heards of cattell, Fifh-ponds, orany cages or other placesand groues for Birds,to be atthe commaund of the faid 4trifferle if neede were, to fupply his defires in the knowledge ofbeaftes ;So that whatfoeuer was knowne in the whole world, might notbe vnknowneto him : by whofe helps (Pliny affir- meth, )that hee wrote firft the volumes which hee faith he hadabridged, to fhew to the World in a hort view the fruites of thofe defires, of the moft Noble amongeall Kings.
When Ariftorle had finifhed this ftory and offered the fame to King Alexander, hee offeredhim for his paines fovre hundered tallents ; faying chatit was a Kings piftto re- ward fuch aknowledge ; wherein, befide other parts of learning, Riding, H unting, Haw- king, and Fifhing, which were Princely fportes were deciphered. Butif Alexander were nowaliue, he would wonder, that among innumerable other princely bounties which he conferred and beftowed vpon the World, there fhould bee nonethatfo encreafed his honorand continueth his fame,as this one worke, althou ghit bee contemned amon many vulgar, bafe minded men; for he ouercamealmoft all the kin gdomes of the world, and builded great Citties, but his owne kingdom foon after becam diftra&ed, and rent in foure peeces and fo deuolued;one part to the Romans,and other parts to other Kings, the Citties ate either ouerthrowne, or the names chaunged, or inhabited by Barbarous people, altogether ynlearned, that doe not fo muchas now remember or acknowledge who wastherefirftfounder. — —
Alfo there haue perifhed the bookes of many writers that compiled his Hiftory, and fet forthhis valiant a&es and renowned fortunes, fo that of many, there fcarce remay- nethoneortwo, Butthe Hiftory of beaftesand other creatures, which was made at his coftand charges, hath ranne through many ages and beene preferued for a thoufand and nine hundered yeares, to the great glory and commendation both of the King, andthe writer Ariffotle .
And he is not more honored for his liberality toward the Phylofopher for his worke among poftetity , but alfothe fruite and veilitye thereof toall ages, hath beene greater then any that arofe from the kingdomiesthat he got, or the battailes thathe wan ; for how can pofterity account that benificiall to them,which the men of that age found by experi- ence to be fo hurtfulland full of calamity?
Many thoufandes of men perifhed onely for the pleafureofone Arexanpers ambitious defire of raygning, many Common-wealthes were chaunged, eee an
of Conradus Gefnerus.
and countries wafted,and many publicke and priuat miferies followed as is vfuall where
warre ouerturnethkingdomes. Therefore I fay againe, he neuer did any ching in all his life, whereby he wan fo great fame and renowne, then by being firft of allthe occafion to Ariffotle, to vndertake the labour, and then afterwarda liberall rewarder thereof.
Petrus Gilliws writeth, that all the ftories of creatures were either compiled by Kings, or elf dedicated to Kings ; for to omit others who were diligent in heards, and curious enquirers into the natures of bealts 4Da, Hieron, Attalus, Philometor and Archelaus, wrot many thinges of the forceand nature of creatures. Oppianus Anazarbenfis(amoftlearned Poet / when he had finifhed his poems ofthe creatures, he dedicated them to Antoninus, the Sonne ofthe Emperour Seuerus; tor which, hee was biddento aske whathe would : and whereas he was buta banifhed man, he asked liberty to dwell againe at home in his owne Country, wbich he not onely obtained, but alfo receiuedfor euery verfeapeece of Goldworth a Noble, and there were inhis two poems, about fiue thoufandand eight hundered verfes :for which caufe the learned Poet inioy offucha reward, wrote his verfes in Gold, bycaufe he faide he would haue it worthily called a Golden Poem. Of this kind he wrote two, one of hunting, and anothet of fi(hing.
C. Plinius Secundus wrotea ftory ofthe World, wherein he writeth but briefely of all thinges in the World, and yet largely and copioufly of plants and beafts, and fo dedica- tedit tothe Emperor Ve/pafian, for which hee was alway deare and familiar vnto him. Auicen being an excellent Phyfitian anda counfeller of eftate to Vzirusa King of Per/ia, for which dignity many called him a Prince, yet he difdained not to write of beaftes,and
to interpret 4 riftotle in many of thofe books. And this isno maruaile that fo many of.
theancientes did thus magnifie theknowledgeofall kindes ofcreatures, feeingas Farro writeth,they were almoftall Sheapheards, Goate-heardes, Neat-heards, and therefore they faid that their flocks had}Golden fleeces, for che commodity they found in them, as Atreus at Argos,and Aeetes at Colchos . NN bois hebut he knoweththat the Roman peo- ple had their originall from Sheapheards ? Who knoweth notthat Faufulus the Nurfe of Romulus and Remus, was a Sheapheard? And this was an argument hereof, becaufe thatthey builded their citty for Sheapheards,that they appointed amercementsby Oxen and Sheepe, and that they ftamped their Mony with fuch pictures : and how many names arethere among the Romans deriued from cattell and (heep; as Owinius , Caprillus, Equi- tius, Taurus, and fur-namesalfo, as Anni , Capra, Statii) Tauri, and Pompony Vituli.
Wereade in holy fcripturethat Abraham was onely rich in cattell;andthat King Da- uid did keepe his fathers flock, and hereunto alfo belongeth, that the moftwifeand great men among the ancients were ftudents in Anatomy, and the diffe&ion of partsof mens bodies, inftituting children therin from their firft learning of letters ; Now no man think that they fetched this knowledge from the partes of mens bodies at the beginning, but frombeaftes,as Dogs, Apes, Swine,and fuch other, wherewithal they were exercifed as in rudiments and grounds, that they might be more prompt, ready, andtexperiencedin the bodies of men. Andamong other Marcus the Roman Emperor was moft skilfull and ftudious inthis fcience of Anatomy,and the Egyptian Kings didthe likewith their owne handes. Boethus,and Paulas, Sergius, two Roman Confuls, and other principall men,
wereauditorsto Galen . Thusfarre Conradus Gefner .Inthe nextEpiftle he ^ difcourfethto the reader of his method and order obferued in | his books,and alfo of other neceffary things belong- ingtothis Hiftory, which Ihaue thought goodalíoto infert into this place,
PRTG SSN
X524 m
Sagat. E - me —— uà au Ne m as eim : n = —
CONRADVS GESNERVS
y Hauenow fufficiently in my Epifile Dedicatory expreffedby | what occafion I came vntothis worke; how much I haue la-
how great ftudy, both Kings, and Princess alfo many great and moftlearned men haue réuerenced the hiftory of Crea- tures; the reft of which, I hauethonght good to impart vnto the Reader in the beginning of my work, which I will feuerally AA | 7 propofe:neither didit becommetobe more largein a dedica-
Raita GRO ion, beeing made vato the priucipalleft men of our Com- monwealth. And becaufethe greatnefíe ofthe Booke beforeit beread ofany man, may feemeto blame meto be too tedious; I will excufeit before I intreat of any thing. ;
' Therefore firft ofallitis no maruaile though it bea great. volume, in which Lbaue la- bouredto infert with diligent ftudy, the writings of all men concerning all Foure-footed« ]uing-beafts : andalfo the fayings of old and later Philofophers; Phyficians, Gramart- ans; Poets, Hyftorians sand laftly ofall kid of Authors :not onely ofthofe which haue fet foorth their workes in Latine, or Greeke, butofeuery.onealío which haue fet downe their works in Germany, France, Italy and England: And moft diligently of the fayings of
j
- thofewhich haue written fomething of purpofe concerning lining creatures but with che
leffer care of other; which haue oncly in the meanetime remembred fomefayings ofthe fame,as Hyftorians, and Poets. idolaud 2255ms1om 9353101 5t 9f15V Ihauc putdown alfo many proper obferuations,and haue gathred;togitber many things, noweandthen by asking queftions, without reproach of anyman; learned or.vnlearned, Citizens, or ftrangers, Hunters, Fishers, Fawkconers, Shepheards, andalkkind of men; Alfol hauenot knowne any thing out of the writings of learned men, of many. Nations; whichthey hauegiuento me, but Liràue expreffed the fame}, Ihe formes alío.of every liuing creature in this work, haue in creafed the volume ;but chiefely the firft Book (which is al of Foure-footed-beaftes living alike) hathout óf meafure increafed itj becaufe this kindofliuing creature,may be more familiarly known,and more profitablero, man,chief+ lytothdfeofour Nation or Countrie : And alfo many haue wrircenlittle and reafonable bookesof-each ofthem jas the horfe-leaches ofhorfes; in Greekeand Latine andthe later
writers:in other languages, andfoforth. ir:
Alfomiany haue declared diuers things concerning Doggess andthe bringers vp al{o of cattle, an d heardsof Beafts, Goats, Sheepe,anaSowes ;hauepronounced. many coun treyiobferuations; bothin Greeke. and-Latine.Someman may: happenito fay, that I ought notto make a Hyftory out ofall Bookes, but onely from the beft; bac 1 will, not defpife thewritings ofanyman; fecingthere is made no book fo bad; 'from:whence there cannot be fone good fentence gathered out, if any mando applie hisawit thereto. Therefore al- though ] haue not oger-skippedanie kind of writer; yer didat not. rafhly;for Ihaue pickt outnotew iobferuations of good moment from barbarous and obfcure wiiters in divers languages; fo that T would not be indgeda negligentp erían to giue. credito enery thing, nor arrogant or vnmoddeft,to defpife the ftudies orlabors of any man... © Thofe thiligs truely which Ithóughtwere fülfe or any way abfurd, | either altogether
as omit-
boured init,to fhew what fruits may be had out of it;and with -
oe. See ae
eS ST 7
porn
ee
m EE eee
' —— —Ó M ÁÀÓÀ
ae eo Y
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Puce om ccm ST Eom eT eie:
Nate :
The fft Episile
omitted them; or fo platedàs I may conui& them :or if at any time I hauenot done it, it was either thorough lacke of knowledge, or for fome other caufe, which fault I thinke is
very feldome committed, (exceptit be inthofetbinges which doe belong to Phyficke, where we haue related very often many things both falíe and fuperftitious, as happily an
Amuletot preferuatiue againftenchauntment is, and many other things which are of the
E
famekind;thatthe good fayinges of learned men may be eafily knowne) ofthename of the Authour, and as much of every thing as fhall be thought worthy tobe beleeued, let the Reader iudge, for Lo not promife my owne Authority euery where, but am fatisfi- ed to recitethe words and fentences of other writers. (Wherefore T haue beene very di- ligent, leaftar any time I fhould omic the name of an Authour;althoughit were infmall
_matters,andalfo thofe which were commonly knowne,becaufe there fhould remaine no
doubt or {cruple ofany thing : The words alfo and fayings of euery Author, fhalbe com- pact together, ifany man fhould be defirous to imitate or follow them.
Therefore [ hane been more copious, that I might not onely profitin the knowledge of words, but alfohavefufiiciently miniftred a worke, or writing of words and fpeeches, for thofe which are defirous either to difpute, or write an Oration either in Greeke or Latine. | | -Bütit could notbe done more commodioufly, that all things might bee written pure- ly in Latine, feeing that I hauerecited almoft in the fame words certaine things taken out ofthofe which were tude or barbarous; chiefely becaufe ifany thing fhould beobfeure or doubtfull: but the reftwhich were written of them;I hauealtered to a moderate vfe of the Latinetótgue snot becaufe I could not doe it better, but rather becaufe fuchi an elo- cution doth feemeto adorne fuch Authors. But thofe fentences which 1 hauc writor coppied out of good anid Latirie Authors, Ihauenotalteredany thing of them.
And traely of my owne ftile, or manner of writing, I can fay no other then this;:that I haue had à great carejalthough I couldnotprononnceiteligantlyand wilely, norafter the imitation of che auncient writers, notwithftanding I haue pronounced it competent. ly; and plainely in Latiae? Neyther wasit ydleneffeto frame fucha ftile or manner of writing, fecing that I was oft ofal bufied in thofethings, as wel mutableas innumerable
andiüamiátiner Ihauewritten thofe things which ifthey had beene gathered together:
Ihadpütto-preffé maayyearesbeforeo?^ 0. Iuris "The cafe why] did negle& it was the feareleaftany thing (houlde beleft out,»and not. verie muchtofeeke more matter, but fox the moft part the infcriptionwasthe caufesand theórder andedréthacTnad;leaft any ching, (hould be repeated in vain: Moreoueralfo becáufethattbe Argunieat'did noc require a graue or excellent maner of ftile or:fpeech, but a manifeftandmeahe ftjle;arid moft commonly a Gramarian,thatis to fay, fit for iri- cecprétdtiodisn 10 "aom DOME 2o gana I | coma 1 ‘For I would tiótónely tecitethewords of the Authors, but oftentimes alfo where it was heedefall; Edid adde thereto the expofition or declaration ; fo thatthis. volume may not onely beatiiftóry of living creatüres,butalío an expofition of the placeofal thofé which have written fomething 6fliding creatures, For thofewhich do vndertake to make any
- Hoke, Ani M chiefly beware of tworthings, that che words and meaning of the Authour
be declirecamd put together like places ofthe reft, the latter whereof [haue,accomplis fhed inthis worke by great labour, becaufethe fayings both of other Authonrs,as.welas Of ore; ‘Céaéetning' chefanematter in diuers places are compiled together, andicwould be a matter oPene val@@to declare ia riore words the words of the Authours, when they amotig themfelues hae fe diligentlie gathered together the places, that cheymuft bring them to mutual light; $150 997 iov yisnos softy g oem o130
“ Notwithfanding iffobetharit feemetha worke to declare the wordes and fentericesof the AütBouss ;Thauedoneitfor my ownehelpe; and for others; and alfo in caufes com: preheaded ioter fetitencesas they focal them, yetitdoeth happen that Iam freed by their nature frófmeoo darka flle; from cuery affectation or curious defire, of thatthinge which nat&é& hàtthfiot gren ; leaue that. care to thofe with whome wordes rathex theri matter arc entertaitiedi ^ 10 «100512025 [i*b o7, fs 9 073810
—^ ButthátTinay repeat mote copionflic in fewwords their fayings , thatthis book may not
Irt "E!
to the ‘Reader.
Butthat I may repeate more copioufly in few. wordestheir fayings that this booke may not betolarge, therefore firít ofall lwillentreateofthat which is perfe&ed by a num- ber of Authors,and afterwards ofthat which Zhaue fundry times added thereto, becaufe ofmy owne declaration. PE
Thisbooke mightbe much fhorter, ifLhad not touched the loue of learning, in which 7 confeffe Lhauebeen too tedious and although this my diligence may be vn pro- fitable tofome, yet 7 hope it will bee pleafantand acceptable to the Grammarians and others, burtruely it hath coft me gréatlabour and.many nightes watching. I call that the loue of learning whatlocuer it 1s;that doth belong to a Grammarian, and diuerficies of languages, prouerbs, or common fayings; femblables, tales, or fables, wherein bruite
Beaftsare fained co fpeake, the fayings of Poetsyand laftly that which doth belong rather
to words, then to the matters themíelues. This and füch like Ihave done forthe moftpart, hauing madeafeuerall Chapter of
yet notwithftanding fometimesthey haue. gotinby itealth in the former Chapters, part- í
change my purpofes; and partly becaufe tbat che light of the Authors fhould feeme to bring profitto the places fitly recited or opéply reade , that elfe where, as well asin thefecond chapter, | haue oftentimes alfo alledged fomewhat more of Gramaarians, Phi- fitians; and other matters. iprtoil j
‘Inthethird Chapter wherein I did entreat of the meates and difeafes ofliuing creatures, L oftentimes turned more copionfly to entreate ofthe plantes by the which they were wholefomely nouri(hed; or happily by the ftrength ofthe taftof them were hurt, or elfe killed arid afrerthefame manneralfo: in the firlt Chapter ifthere wereany fuch rootes that the lining creatures fhould perifh by them throwne bythe Hunters with fome. meate. But haue profefledand:conteffed in that loue of learning, that L>was wont to
name thofe plantes, and fometimes to write of many thinges which hauchádtheir name
. afteracertaine mannerfrom fomeliuing creature.
Thefeuenth Chapter entreatethof the remedies of lining creatures and of curing the hurts which they were wonttoreceiue.by biting, or by aftroke,or by cating of meate.I do very often efteeme much of many thinges written in the defire of dignifieng medici- nall matters. Itisfeene where theplaces of Authors being depraued and renewed , haue allowed occafionof digreffing. Tobe (hort, wherefocuer any rare thing, or that which is declared to others did offer it felfe, which being vnfolded (hould fecme to dienifie and honor commonlearning, I haue-beene alured contrary to my inflitution, forthe decla- ring thereof: For whenaas beinga child I.was educatedin the Greeke and Latine ftudies of Gramer and conference, & as yetbeing a young man had begun to profit therein : vn- tillgrowne vnto full age, Icameto riper profeffion of Phylofophy, efpecially natural and Medicinall, (although out ofthe fame I haue not a little increafed my loue vntolear: ning,and made it more firme and folide, and very greedily haue exercifed my felfe ia reading of diuers matters ) I could do fomewhat more in theexplicatjons of mattersand fayings,then I perfwaded my felfe, the tude multitude would regard, efpecially in the age of inferiour ftudents,and in the ftudies ofthofe whichare bufied in other matters. Wherefore Lhaue written more freely and often more copioufly of many thinges. I haue reprehended the ancient & the later(not with any intentto obfcure others;and ad- uantage my owne,) but fincerly and fimply;as$muchas in me lyeth that] mightaduance common ftudies But ifno man doe difalow their. bookes (whom inno order butas any thing which commethinto their mindes 5, ) expound the wórdes and fayinges of diuers Aurhors ia both tongues, as anieng auncient Weicers, Maerobius, Gillius, Caffidorus, and whofoeuer haue written diners things, (many whereof] haue declared in the fecord part of my Bybliatheca:: ) and amongft the latter many others,asmoftefpecially Guzlzelpzt$ Budaus, Celius Rhodiginus c Chaleagninus, Polittanus,Era{mus Ratorodamus soe. butas it werebett ofall by deferces;whatfoeucr any good man or meanely learned doth thinke
ofthem. «4 I
The Reader
nuit i
thofethinges which belong to euery lining creature, euento tbe eight orlalt Treatife, t5ata: mel
ollovving are poken o£ his
ly becaufe I was inuited by a {mall -occafion, and with a certaine defire of the fame; to latin difcorle
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(Conradus Gefnerus
I doenotfee by what right this our labour may, be difpraifed, wherein many thinges trucly fpoken of by others, butdifordredly, many thinges byme being fir(t'deliuered, I hauefo orderd and difpofedthatuna manner every thing may be fetin his owne proper place.As foral the chapters which we haue fet down are not only ofthem,but euery chap ter hath his feuerall partand certaine order both the former and the latter, one Method and that continuallofthe middle partbeing throughout the whole worke. And becaufe fometime it did happen that fomething might feemeto be referred out of thofe, which I bad dire@ed into diuers other places; leaft I fhould betoo tedious in repeating thefame,
and therefore for the moft part I remitted it from one place,to one Author 3 vnleffe al the
flory might be repeated in few words... 4
Thcfe and certaine other things (as the words ofdiuers Authors; and variety of flle) an vnequal, interrupted and a cumberfome worke, (as I may fo call it) and (asfome per- chance will obiect) they haue ftored italike with diffolute marks or purpofes : which fault though | (hould vnderftand, Ihaue notwithftanding refufed to commit, whiles that it íhouldfo profit : but this thall bee, (howfoeuer blemifhedit is) much leffe, ifany may gheffe with himfelfethat I haue compofedalthefe things not bythat order that they (hold beknowne by continuall ferioufneffeof reading of ftudious men: but foto haue cempe-
red them that whatfoeuer any man thal gefire concerning any beaft, that being prefently
found he may readit by it felfe,and wel vnderftand it. Therefore i£ any manwill vfe this worke only atíeafonable times, who hath vfed di&tionaries and fuch like common books, he thal be able to do thefe things profitably, but if he hall not remember the order in the prefcribed manner, let him take counfell of the table Alphabeticall, which wee will pub- lifh in che end of this our worke, but if nothing preuaile,in the meane time as weare all fubicét to Cenfure through the Readers infirmity, the (ame in a manner, Pliny in the Hiftory of nature hath ordained : for in his Prafaceto Vepafianhe writeths becaufewee muft faith he) {pare your labours for the common good, what may be contained in all my Bookes, ID haue ioynedto this Epiftle; and haue done my greateft endeuor with the di- ligenteft care, chatthou fhouldeft haue thefe Bookes notto bee read ouer againe, and thou by this halt be cheoecafionthat other may not reade them ouer againe: but as cuery one {hall defire any thing, that he may onely feeke that, and know in what place he may find it, Valerius Soranus did this before mein his books which he inferibed Epopeidow Thefe things Pliny. |
. They which defireto profit in this Artof Grammer, and to get the vfe offome tong vntothemfclues, who witha compounded Method (as they call ic) deliuer their artfrom letters and fillables, to the fayings, and eight parts of fpeech, and laft ofall {peechit felfe, and hauing come vnto the sintaxis, doth defire theknowled ge of art, inthe meane time notwithftanding he doth not negleé the profit of Lexicons (wherein. all fayings and fpee- ches are numbred, far otherwife then in the precepts of art, where neither all things feue: rally, norin any good orderare rehearfed) not that fromthe beginning hee may reade through the end, which would bea worke more labourfomethen profitable, but that he may aske counfell of themin due feafon.
Tn like manner he thatis defirous to know the Hiftory of beafts, and will readit through with continuall ferioufneffe, let himrequire thefame of Ariftotle, and of other likewife that haue written, and let him vfe our volumeas a Lexicon, or as my owne Onomafticon. For it is not vaknowne vnto me that Ariforle doth teach in his booke, entituled tbe partes of beafts,that it maketh much (to the defcription of Phylofophy) and that itis more lear- ned fo to write concerning beaftes, that afwell the parts, as the effects mightalfobe hand- led common tomore, their Hiftory being vnfolded by certaine common places : Firft by profecuting thofe things which are moft common, and fomewhat vnto things that are leffe common, lafily by loking backe and defcending into thofe things, which onely fhall be proper vnto certaine kindsand vulgar fhapes : for if in all beafts any man would feuer- rally confiderthe parts and effeéts, there will many things fall out by the way to be confi- dered and inquired after, which (he faith) will be very abfurd, and alfo proue too tedious. This difcommodity, although I thould well vnderftand,yet I would notwitftanding feue- rally profecutethe Hiftory of beafts, which thing isto be handled in our time wherin the
| names of
to the Reader.
of very manyare not vnderftood, I fhould iudgew ould be more profitable,and I fhould thinke itleffe abfurd, that fomethings fhould more often be fought after, being ardai- ned for the order of the fame;thatthis work might rather ferne for inueftigation then con tinuall reading : I haue notnotwithftanding cues in al Beats placed euery thing which is incidentto euery kind, bothfor as muchas certainethinges areknownetofome men, as moft common partes of Foure-footed-Beaftes , as alío if any man fhall doubt in fome thinges, hemay refer himfelfe into the places of Arifforle, wherein thofe thingsare handled generally : and perhaps we alfo at fometime or other wilaccording to the kinds - - and fhapes of Foure-footed-Beaftes difcourfe offomewhat more particular. And becaufe I had determined, itwas more commodious fora Hiftory tobe made b vs concerning all Beafts, euen in that name or title which not Phifically, or onely Philo. fophically but Medicinally, & alfo grammatically concerning one thing:Neither doth it want the exampls of learnedmen,for fcarce the one or the other as Theophrafius &cRuellius haue deliuered any thing concerning plants, according tothat Method, which in com- mon parts and effe&tes hath manifefted all plants ofthe earth, but very many haue defcri- bedfeuerall plants feuerally, and in times paft out of our age (efpecially Phyfitians) Ru- oe forthe moftpart laboured in both, (as Galen alfo) but onelyin defcribing ofapt- neffe. Indeedel confeffe, that I could befar more briefe in many more things (although my purpofe remaine) aboueall other thinges, euen that exquifite defire of my diligence had delighted me, when that fame faying of 7i«y came into my mind, in acertaine volume, beginning afterthis manner : Now fufficient glory was gotten for him, and heecould ceafe hinifelfe, voleffe his mind fhould be daily fed with worke;although (as Pliny faith ) : the greater fhould the reward be for the loue of worke ( which better became him not to Ries haue compofed it to his owne, ) but to the glory ofthe Romaine name, and nor tohaue perfeuered onely to pleafe his owne minde, but to hauc fet forth the fame to the profit of the people of Rome. | | | I would haue you iudge, that] haue not kept back or ftayed my courfe in thefe my la- bours, not onely for fauoring my feife,or getting glory to my felte, (although Ziwius did {) but rather to makethe truth more plaine pertaining to Hiftories, or tothe people of Rome: Notwithftanding Ithink that he {pake more modeftly,leaft if he fhould have fpo- ken after that manner which Pliny doth require,he fhould beiudgedto haue been more arrogant) as one which fhould foretell any thing to the worthyeft people of the whole T9 | World, or any thing of the honor ofthe Conqueror of thofe Nations, he would fay that i they muft come from him . Likewife although this worke (what foener itis) do not de- ANI firetó be done wholy for my felfe, but for the gouernors and rulers, ofthe common- | wealth, and tothe goüernors ofthe vniuerfity or Academy, which haue favoured mee nu cuenfrom a Child of their owne liberality, and do ftill continue their fauor vnto me, and | do exhort me to finifh thofe things which I haüe begun already: and if there fhouldarife ij any fareorrenowne from thence, it fhould chiefely light vpon them : Yet leaftI fhould ! be deceiued, I willingly hold my peace,and thereft I leaue to: iudgement , whyther any u _ thing may happen fromthis worke fo praife-worthy and of excellent fame,and ‘yet not _ : ‘i
vnworthye of praife,for to the Senate, and to.the vniuerfity I owe much time,with ma- ny names of worth tothofe moft excellent men of learning, and other different ver-
tues.
But leaft happily Tbe heldtoo tedious, while I excufe the largeneffe of the worke,al- 1 though (by the way Ihaue handled fome other thinges all vnder one) that I might fhew nl certaine commodities arifing fromthem, and alfo might excufe our ftile . Iwillpro- hd ceedeand go forward to thereft, .
Andalthough from our forefayings it may befufficiently manifefted of our exceeding T great labour, and alfothe greatneffe of the volume; as well as the variety and difficulty of n things, therein expreffed, may boldly fpeake for me, yet I will adde thereunto very many n. things ifthereby the cenfuresof learned men doe happen more reafonable, benigne & "MI fauorable,and doe aduertife andadmoni(h me that I haue offendedatany ume, I will fub.
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Conradus Gefnerus
fcribe and followtheir opinions, but forthe Cenfures of vnlearned Littleregard. ForI haue endeuored my felfe with great and painefull labour, although they are not corre- fpondent inallthinges, that they may merrit pardon : and (as he faith) ina great worke it is thought lawfullto breake much (leepe. |
Pliny doth writethat he hath fini(hed his naturall or lawfull Hiftory froma hundered of choice or curious Authors, and hath added too very many matters, which either they hauenotknowne, or afterwardes had beene deuifed or inuented in their life time: nei- ther do wee doubt (faith he) but that chere are many thinges which alfo we haue ouer- skipped.
i delice alfothat the fame may be vnderftood of this our volume, although itis not onely made ready and fittome by a hundered Authors, butalfo by many othersas you may eafily count or reckon by the Catalogue ofthem, which Lhaue alfo fet downe. But firft of all what labour and paines it wasto readall thinges diligently and with iudge-
ment, afterward to take aud chufe thinges,to reduce andreftore them to their owneor- -
ders agaire : and againe conferand compare them while you are writing the worke, as ifmany fhould haue faid one thing, being plainely expreffed of Authors,and changed by other names: others ftealing priuily by names fuppreffed. |
But how hard & tediousa labour it is, foto confer the whole writings of Authors, to re- duce all ofthem as it were into one. body, that nothing may bec omitted, nor any thing vnaduifedly repeated,no man doeth vnderftand, except be be learned: truely this doth fo happen onely 10 comparing or conferring two or three bookes, but moft of allin con- ferring of very many Bookes as wehaue done :andthatfo diligently,as heareafter there fhallbee little neede of looking into other Authors concerning thofe matters. But hee which will haue this volume ought to perfwade himfelfe that he hathallthinges concer- ning thofe matters written at large, that is to fay, one bookefora Library, one more excellentthen many others .. When Peeter Gilius before vs had done thus , but infew Authors ; the Grzecians (faith he) which haue written concerning Beaftes, wee haue not only made Latins which was very eafie, but alfo imitating Dzzzy/tus CafGas who tranflated Méago,we allowed both order and iudgment.
*. BütI (hould moreiuftly fpeakethefe things concerning our felues who haue foilow- edan order far more commodious, and haue conferred many. more Writinges of Au- thors, both others (as I haue already faid Jas alfo for al the moft parttranflated out of the Grecians, and from others, and from Gildas himfelfe. Vers Therfore I haue more often fet down the Grzcians fayings where either the interpreters éidíceme.to erre,or the words or locutions did containe fome rare or excellent things or peculiartothe matter. I hauealfotranflacedmany my felfe, either that were not as yet tranflaced, orthat I would tranflate a Grecian faying difcretly, and then difpute the matter with theinterpreter. But of the Germans French, and Italians Ihauetranflated
«ertaine into Latine : I haue fuftained much watchfull labour in reading, gathting confer- xing,and writing ouerthofe workesand ftories many. yeares : which trucly whatandhow many they haue beene, cannot eafily bebeleeued, vnleffe of expert men: although | can- not cafily feeany man fhould affay the like matter ,to bring into one. vniforme body all the fayings ofall writers,as many as could bee had of one argument: for I haue knówne. certaine men who out of many things haue written fome, out ofall, none. Wherefore
I can fay that of my labours which 4ri/fides {pake concerningthe elegance ofthe Citty
of Smyrna, which was that no man except he which (hall fee it will be drawen to beleeue it: That whichappertaincth to the file, although in the precedent fayings I haue fpoken, certaine thingesincidenily digreffing from the matter, heere I will very privately and wa-
rily addc fomethings. uod Therefore I haue vfed a meane phrafe or fpeech e,in no mans wifedome too fine or curious, moft chiefely for thecaufesaboue declared : For inthofe writinges wherein theknowledge of things is fought(as Maffaríus faith in the like argument)is not the com- lineffe ofa famous or eloquent Oration, but to expreffe a found and perfe& truth. | But
4
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to the ‘Reader.
But fuch workes are neither capable of wit, as Imay fay with Pliny, which was otherwife very meane or moderate to víe it : neithér do they allow of exce/fe, either in Orations, or fpeeches, or wonderfull chances or aduentures, or diuers euents; or other pleafant things, ot inany delegtable or friendly things . Let the nature of things be declared in a barren or fruitelefle argüment, that is tofay thelife of them, and. this was bafe alfo on his part, by putting to many thinges with rufticall and ftrange denominations, yea alfo Barbarous, even with the P rxface of eftimation and reputation : And fo far forth Plinius, But ifthatmoft leatned!man, and the moft eloquentby the iudgement of all men;and which hath: drawne or fucked out the cleaneneffe or pureneffe of the Latine tongue . with Milke, andthe vfeiof other commodities, and whereupon:the defire of wit might much encourage bim, being helped orpricked forward by Mecenas bis gouernor Vefpa- franns ,( of the penuriotiíneffe,and bafeneffe of thephrafe, aloft in the like argument) doth defire, to frame or make an excufe fo much the more warily fhould I do this for many cauíes, which] willnot exprefie becaufe Imaynotbetolong. Wherefore fome thinges are repeated heareand therein, diuers places ofthis worke, I gaue a reafon cuen before, truely becaufe the ordet appointed of vs did fo require, and the diuifion of chap- ters and parts in euery one of them , that it may. notbe written with negligence; but ra- ther with exa, and curious diligence. But ceriaine thingsare repeared fometimes in the fame place, which may feeme to be befidethe purpofe being known or perceiued;but if euery manwould confider it diftin&- ly, he wouldeafily vnderftand how little it weare either in matter or wordes: for fome- times the peculiar or vulgar fpeech, or the eloquency of wordes did caufethat 7 (hould do fo, thatit might haue that which might be imitated in {peaking, ifany man wouldla- bour or eadeuour, either to fpeake or write any thing ofthe fame: matter. Parenthefes alfo do belong tethe ftileas the Grammarians calithem, whichare very many euery wher in the whole worke,and that for many caufes: either becaufe the reading or gathering is variable or vnlike, orthe manner of writing did.difagree, or becaufe our correction or o- thers wasadded thereto, or that Jmight tranflate it, or that Zmight fill or fini( icifany thing fhould be wanting, or that 7 might adde tbercunto that which might delightthe eloquency thereof, or do fomthing peculiar to the rnatter prefent, if che Latine fhould fcemenotfüfficiendy xran(lated of them: Andlaftly fimply toamore intelligible vnder- ftanding of thofe thinges with which they are mingled . As much as belongs to the right forme of writing , I haue not alwaies written the fame tearmes, or namesafter the - fame maner,butaccording to the Authors I haue very oftentimes changed,whofe words
. Idid rehearfe or recite. This is of the ftile and elocution.
That which doe belong tothefe thinges, and to the truthand eertainety ofthem, I do not promife my credit in very many of them, but yetam well pleafed to put downe the names of the Authors, with whom letthofethinges remaine. Andtruely the grea- teft partofthem do merrit faith or credite; whichare fortified , or defended by the con- fent ofmany learned men,euen nowin many ages, as alfo that inthis fauour or bencfit, very many ofthe Authors named of vs, and happily fome ofthemare repeated not with any great fruite or profit, and yet arenet tobee mifliked. Therefore it ís more wor- thy to bee beleeued, if one matter may bee {poken in the fame wordes of many. wit- neffes. |
Iconfeffethat therearefome vaine glorious things, but they are not many, (as Gikius faith in his tranflation of Aelianus) which we haue added or put to this worke, butthey are recompenced, and amended with agreat number of other graue and learned tranfla- tions : andasif Fathers and Grand-Fathers fhould delight of a Mold inthe ioyntes or knuckle of their Children, that is tofay ;Fooles which do not weigh or valew other mens workes. ;
As for (landeters Ldonotcare : for thofemen are thebeft as care declareth, which are skilfull or experiencedintrue praife.. Which thing ifIhaue not doneto the full, and ample (alfol vfedthe famewordes which Ma/farius writ in histranílation of Fithes) let not my ftudy be blamed which truely is moft vehement, andardentin the fame, becaufe atthistimel could de no more.
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Let the indifferent Readers iudge, how confufed a matter T tooke yponme tohandle, neither did Ieuerthinkethat I thouid haue brought it to fo good apaffe 2°But how much beforetime we haue donein helpingor fuecoring good Arts, let others'alfo do as ia uch, whichafterwardes haue clattered outofmeafure . For neitherwill wee beare aneuill difcontented miad, if they bring their helpes or labours of other skilfull men, to this exceeding great and hard labour which we haue vadertaken; and fhall go beyondor excell vs. zie do: Sis
They report that Pedaretusthatfingular or excellent man, who when hewas not cho: fen inthe number of three hundered men, which order did (héw or reprefent dignity or c{timationamong the: Lacedemonians, went away merry and laughing, and Bain aif: led backe againe of Ephorws the Hiftorian, being démaunded why he laughed, arifwered: becaufe truely I reiay cedthat our citty had 5. hundered Citizens better learned then my felfe. Furthermorealthough Thaue manifefted hitherto almoftal the writings of al thin gs concerning Foure-footed-Beaftes which haue come to my hands,’and haue comprehen: ded or compaflediliem in our workes or Stories : Notwichftanding for all that} T defited to hauefome fuperfluous or voprofitable Bookes hearéafter of other things;but I aenec thought I (hould hauebroughtitpaffe 5 for it is equity and reafon that allies froid ftandin their proper place and dignity, that all may profit which will, which thing I doe altogether defire: =!» = . ens
Forfomethingsforantiquity fake do deferue , to be warily obferued, other fomealfo for their Phylofophicall Method , and Method partaining to Logicke, or fome matter differing from ours’; otherfome for eloqution, and otherfome for all thefe caufes, wherfore we haue principally obferued the Graecians fauoring their language & fpeech. There are fome which haue publithed (faith aides) intheir writings all thenature which is comprehended or contained in Foure footed-Beaftes, as Ariftotle, Pligy, and other auncient Writers : Moreouer the controuerfie or labour of whom, I dare notfay was manifeftly finfhed or performed although many excellent thinges were begun of them concerning foure footed-Beatts . For truely me thinkes that fuch fcrupelous Atithors
- hauc perfectly. diftinguifhied fo many. thinges of the fignification and nature of Foure-
footed-Beaftes, that there is left no mre roome in any place, for idle or negligent men to makeanew difcription or intention .- It is manifeft alfo that Ariffarchus and’solinns did no otherthing intwo and forty yeare,then marke and confider the maner and fafhio ofthem, and fo committed them to writing. | It isa hard thing (as I may fpeake with Pliny) toofferor commitnoüelty to oldeor ' auncient things, and to giue authority tothings not fcene afore, and to giue creditto things decayed or growne out of víe, and to bring to light obfcure or difficaltthinges, and to giue reputation to thinges full of difdaine, and creditto thinges doubtfulI: buc to giue credit to the nature of allthinges, and all thinges belongingto their nature. Therefore I hauenot defiredto haue followed altogether that whichis excellent andfumptuous. Truely the peculiar caufe of themis in mens défires, who becaufe they would pleafe every one, hauc efteemed or fet more by painefulneffe paffed ouerand al- lowed, then to help forward vtility or commodity newly found out. For whatis more commendable fromall the labour of learning, then tovndertake or enterprize {fo boun- tifull and commendable a charge, or bufinefle, then of renewing old andancient things which were forgotten, or rather to reftore things from Death, or ruine which werefould
thereto,andtoreflorethe names of things,andthings by their names ? Great fauour® ’
oughtto bee giuen tothofealfo which doeregardthe common waies, anddoe fpread, fiengthen, defend, clenfe, expounde, declare, pollifh, or finith, make perfe@,and laftly doforuleand trainethem,that they may be tra&able to all trauelers thereby ; and to alllabering beafts whatfoeuerthey are, whofe helpes wevfeia Carts, or Waggons, and may performeandaccompli(h them without danger, or any impediment or hinde- rance,althongh they cannot fuftaine or beareallhinderances, yetalmoft che greater part ofthem. Neither doethey deferue little praife or commendations in learning, which haue fo polifhed ortritmmed vp fome worke vndertaken for publike profit, that to the rcftor remnant inthe fameargument, there (hall be no complaint or ittle at all hereafter,
ot
"S DE Wm ip
i a
to the "Reader. ofthe difficulty thereof, which therefore if it bein my iuftru&ion; I (hallbe very glad; feeingthat Idid defireto followit : ifnot, fomthing that Ihaue performed on the great partis, thatthe learned men füirred vp in this bufinefie by vs, may not quit or abfolue that which is left behind.
Therefore moft excellent and indifferent Reader , fauor ye this labourfome, honeft, pleafant, profitable, and variable worke : and gitie the greateftthànkes to God, and I be- feech you that if you proceede any further in this mortalllife becanfe it doth not profit tobee idle,that yourather beftowefome time in the fearching out ofnature, and that youmake a gratfull Selemnization and fetting forth of Gods workes betore any other things, whicheitherlabour or immoderate defire ma y fet out toour exercifesand endeuours, we may bee exercifedalfo in holineffe and Godlineffe, and may communi- cate and confvlt thinges requifite , with great labourand diligencetothe Ages to come. Therefore in the meanetime I befeech all good and painefull men,that ifthere be any of them whichhaue fomething to the finifhing vp of this werke,to bring it salthough it be of neuer fo little moment, as are the fhapes and formes of euery kinde of Foure-footed- Beaftes, or Hiftoryes, thatis to fays whatfoeuer it is that canlead vs more amply to know the nature of them: or blaming thofe things in which we haue erred which truely I which Iam the man thinkethere are many, yet I do not doubt but that they may wittily and fa- uorably communicate with ours, and may as it were make famous this publique worke, being placed inthe midule, which thing alfo is profitable and excellentto them, and de-
le&ableto mee, and continually to all learned men heareafter.. That there hath beenea
pactaker, or companion of this excellent worke he fhall be in aduancement. | IfIthallbe admonifhed of my error in few things, nay onely in onething,! prefently will correct it without enuy or mallice : or will put thereto fome new matter, either tothe .fecond volume of the reft of Foure-footed-Beafis,or otherwife in the addition : And leaft I should feeme vngrateful to thofe which haue contributed orbeftowed fomthing to this, contrary totheloue which I fhould alwaies beare to them, ifnoother benefit (hall be ren- deredtothem,as our eftateis but meafi,yet atleaftwife I will declare my mind in a frend- ly commemorationtoa number of their names in their Catalogue,by whom Ihaucpro-
fited. | But if any, either througha deflitute er forfaken occafien, or for any other caufe or difpofition, are forced to write or fend f. omthing tovs, and alfo hall defire publiquely ta correct fome of ourerrors which wehaue committed, which I know many can do graue- ly,and alfolearnedly and J defire that they may doe it,& entreatofthem thatthey write learnedly and modeftly,and to do itfo, that the common wealth pertaining tolearning, may rather aduance and premote him then either to wrong his credit or renowne, or any caufe of blaming or rebuking vs, as itbecommeth men of courage, truely to fee into it. Iamalwaies ready toamend my own, from any iuft corre&ion or blame, butnot deprive any man of his owne praife. For I hope (withoutoffence be it fpoken here) that this our. labour or paines (hall remaineto the worlds end, not through the merrit or defert ofour
learninge , (which is but fmall) butthrough eur diligence, whichhath ioy- ned together moft diligently and exa&ly, fo many and great - laboursand ftories, from a number of Authors, as it Were into onc treafury or Store-honfe.
Farewell
eee POW T RO Napa LESS
c o sae aS To
s
^ n
— 9 LM E $ | 1d : | | y ; t ^ | : 3 | : à : I4 3 5 7 1 y yd E * | | : : 4 " , a ^ à = asd
TUTO seen so
TO THE LEARNED ‘Readers. ig
Fter Lad: expreffed thefe two Epiftles of ComradusGefner, inthe former whereofhedeclarethto the States-men of Zz- ricke the vtility of the ftory, and in the: latter his excufes or reafonsof his method in his latter workes : I thought good alfo to followe him in his Apology of the Authours, outof whofe writings he had taken any part of his flory: Although Lhaue not nor could not obferue his words ,method,forme, and matter inall things inthis my En glith colle&ion, not
onely becaufé his purpofe was to gatherall that had beene |
written ofeuery beaít,S to leauethefame (as he profefierh) i likea Di&tionary for the priuate vfe oflearned men ,butalfo becaufe my purpofe was,to T fhew to cuery plaineand honeft man, the wonderfull workes of Godin euery beaft in his EM vulgar toongue, and gine occafion to my louing friendesand Country-men, to adde of !
themfelues, or elfe tohelpe mee with their owne obíeruations vppon thefe ftories : al yet forafinuch as I muft acknowledge him my Authour, by the helpe of whofe eies I 43) hauefzenealmoftall that I hàue wrote, I will fay as he doth out of Plinius Secundus, Eft e- ít nim benignum vt arbitror c plenumingenui pudoris, fateri per quos profeceris non vt plerig, i
quos attigi fecerunt. That is, Itisa figne ofa goodnature replenithed with all modeftic 5 a to confeffe the Authors ofallenes profit, and not todo as many haue done; into whofe n" writings I haue looked; for by comparing themtó theauncient, I foundethat they had jn tranflated many things word for word;and neuer named them truely: indeed itis a figne Juil ofavileandill mind or witte, rather to aduenture to be caken with theft, then to pay that h-W
which was lent him, although he know vfury will not be required. ..... Therefore we will confeffe all to be other mennes, and beginwith the Catalogue of fuch Writersas he nameth, and bath already expreffed; and becaufe Lknow none butlearned n.
and ftudious men will.looke after them, I will after his manner. expreffe - them inthe Latine, and faue the labour of tranflation: Adding thereunto fuch Authorsas I haue - inferted into this ftory, either Englith or Forraine : And whereas lhaue caken. many things out ofthofe Writers named by him which he omitted; will not derogate from his labour, but fuffer them to goasthey were; and thereforetabéginwith Canradus Gef-
E T
Tm
ser Twill fay of him, as was faid by him ofanother : Nulla ferent Fanta f «cula futura vt^ a eum, andthe refidue follow Alphabetically. vi, so f CUP eod soins ad ! i) o The Catalogue of the Authors whieh baue 7 * VN m ets Wloteof Deals... TAM ce ipee td Hssarvv,ÁvTHORS 0000 pos Gruexz, AvTHORS. — ü 1 Etus Teftamentuws eum annotationibus Actuary liber de Serpentibus d venenis pre- Pn ! Seb. Munfleri-. o ooo iter ex Diojcoride contract us eft. j Eju[dem Munfteri Dicfionaria, Hebraieola- Adamanty bhyfognomica. b tinum, ci quadrilimgue, 0 Avfenitragadi@. 0 n 7 m Epiftola presbytert Ioannis , vtwecant pocelt Aety non omuia fed plerag, enolui c exeerpfi nom Aethiopia regis ad Pontificem Rom. de tegrum vero librum 13. qui eft de ve- J na rebis Aetbioptci. EM "epis e venenatis animalibus. | | Arabieos roc eft ex Arabica lingua tranflatos, Aeliani hiftoria ammalium Petro Gillio inter- i nominabo inferius inter ob[euros. prete cum eiu[dé additionib. ex Oppta- M 2 ju n. i
Sts ae tg re NR
Sag Se rn ee
y a oly ss is — Ta
eA “Catalogue
Plutarcho, Porphyrio on Helidério, Vr
brititules habet. Sit autem Meliani omnia
adiecta fnt, vt nihil ad rem pertinens omit —
teretur: nam [i quando fHilus laxuriari vi- debatur cy leutter euagari, aut. hominem cam brutis eanferendo veprehendere, (quod S spines facit ut qui profe(ionerhetor fuerit) plerund,contraximus.
Ein[dem varia biflaris libri v4.
Ein[dem de inflruendis aciebus liber. |
Alexadri Magni epiflola ad Ariftotelem dere- bus Indicus Cornelio Nepote ipterprete.
Alexandri Apbrodiffenfts prablematum libri a i
Alexander Trallianus medicus. Ammonicus de differentij s vocum. Annonius Periplus.
pollen Arconautica, eum Scholys. Apofioly Byxanty paramias Appianus hiftoricws,
~ Aratus, cum Scholis.
Ariftides rhetor. ; Ariftophanis comedie, tum scholis. Ariftotelis librisnteeri, quod particulares hi- frorias ateinet, De hiftoria, de generatione €? departibus animalium. Phyffaenemita. De mirabilibus. De colaribus. Parua natu- ‘ vAliay vt vetant .Preblemata. Te ceteris li- bris, aut nullam aut varifümum vllius ani- mantis momen occurret Michaelis Bpbe[7 Scholiatn libros, de gener an tione qua Ioannis Philoponi nonune publica ta funt. SNiphus feribit Michaelis Ephefy Scholiainlbros de genevatione extare , ex- pofitionem nonextare. Ariani Periplus Euxini Ponti.
Eiu[dem Periplus rubrz maris,
kiufdem de rebus geftis Alexandri hifforia. Ein[dem Indica. "Athenaei Dipnofophifta: .—- j Biblia fara, boceft vetus ej mouit Teftamen- Callimachi poemata quadam > [tum Gr aca, Cl. Galeni libri : aly. quidé malti fparfim ino- bis cogniti: iateeri ver) propter animalium biftoriam, qui [equuatur. Libri de frewlieium facultatibus..De anti- detis. De theriaca ad Pifenem.De cibis bo- wi co mali [ueci.De alimentorum facultati. _. bus tertius.Deparabilibus libri tres, queri primus incipit Cum ars medica cirea nullas vnquam vrbes. Secundus ad Solonem ,a- cephalus. Tertius Galeno ad[criptus incipit: Degurgulionis vitgs, Nile Diodorus Sienlus biforteus, ~ Diogenes Laériius de vita philofephorum.
i
ee
a um.
Dion biflorieus- Sof aere Dianifyus Afer de fit orbs Euflathius in- — "terpretes, |
"Diofcorides.
Epigramatum Gy ecorum authores dierfi.
Epiftolarum Gr ecarum anthoresdinerfi,
quas Aldus olim uno velumine ceniumx-
a.
Etymologicon,
Euripidis tragedia.
Euffathius in priores quinis, Wadislibras, ——
Geoponicorum, 1d eft, de ve-rufiica ad. Cota flamtinum C efarem librorum authores di nerf,
‘Heliodors Aethiapita hiftorie libridecem.
Heraglidis-dferiptiones Rerum pub. Heroditibiftoria, Hefiods pocmata, eum Scholijs. Hefychy Lexicon. | Hippiatri Graci, Ab[yrtás, Hierocles, Pelagà- nius c alij une volumine coniunci. Hippocrates : pracipue libri dematura tmulie- bri, de morbis mulebribus, deinternis affe- cLionibus. Homerus eum Schalis: Jofephus. Josnuts Teetzu varia hiftoria, Julius Pollux. Lucianus. Lycophroncum Scholiafte. Nicawdri Theriaca Ge Alexipharmaca, eugs Scholys. Nicolai Myrepfi medicamenta compofita feeni- dum genera, Leonhardo Fuchfiointerpre=. » e.
, Oppiani libri de pifeibus co de venatione, ineinfder libros de aucupio paraphrafis
Orpheus. Ori vel Heri Hieroglyphita. Palephatns defabulis. Paulus Aegineta medieus: Sucsidanea cum einfdemyey éutm Galeni eperi- « buseontunei folita. . Pan[ania libri de veglouibus Gracie. Philes qui de animalibus [eBarios iambicos com ... didit, omnia ab Aeliano mutuatus. Philoflrati tones. ^ Eiu[dem libri de vita Apollony. Phurnutus de djs, Pindarus eum Scholijs, — = ae Plato. beg me Plutarchi vita, e? alij vary libelliintegri. ve- Virum terrefirta ant aquatilia animalia fent Japientiora. .
Gryllus, vel quod brataratione vtantur.
te Liber
ff the Author.
Liber de tfide & Ofride. 7 aed, Caufa naturales, p
Polyeniflrategemata, -
Polybius hiftoricus.
Precopius Gaz«us. fophifla in actteuchi vteris Teflamenti.
Q. Calaber pocta.
Theophra]H opera,
Theocritus,
Xenophontis opera dif:
De venatione.
Dereegnefhri.
Hipparchicus.
Larins ÁvTHORS:
"Ael. Lampridius, ©
"Ael. Spartinus.
Alb, Tibullas.
Ammianns Mareelliaus.
Aulus Gellias.
Aulus Perfiuss
Aur. Cornelius Celfus,
Cel. Apicius de ve culinaria.
C. Iul. Cefar.
C. Iulius Solinus.
C. Plinii Seeundi Hifloria mundi.
C. SWetonius Tranquillus.
C. V4l. Catailus.
Decius Anfowins.
Fl.Vegetius Renatus deve militari:
Einfdem Mulomedicina.
FI. ee Sea hiftoricus.
Grati liber de venatione.
Iul. Capitolinus hiftoritus.
Junius Inuenalis poéta Satyricus.
L. Annaus Seneca.
Le Apuleius.
L. Junius Moderatus Collumeladevernft. c horten/i.
Matrobius Ambrofius Aur.
Marcellus medicus Empiricus, quem fimpliti- ter Marcelli nomine citato inter vemedtaex
animalibus intelligt volo, non Marcellum
Vercilium illum noftri feculi qui Diofcori- dem tranflulit, d annotamentss illufira- Wit.
M. Aétins Plautus Comicus.
M. .Annei Lucani Pharfalia.
M. Aurelii Olymplt Nemefiani poeta de vena- tione liber.
M.cato de reruft.
M. Manali Aftronomicon libre.
M. Terentius Varro derevaft.
Jdem de lingua Lat,
M; Falerii Martialis epigrammata.
(s M.Vitruuius dearcbitectura.
.. "Nonius Marcellus de lingua Lat.
Palladius devevu[f:
Pomponins Melas
PiVergilit Maronis Bucolica d-ndeneit
Etufdem Georgiea.
P. Ouidis opera. 2
Eidem falsi ad [eripta, Philomela de vocibus animalium, c Pulex,
Einfdem Halieutica.
Quintus Horatius Flaccus;
"Qr Serenus Samenitus.
Seruius in Virgilium, - who
Sextus Platonieus de vemediis ex anima libus
Sexti Aurelii Propertit Elogias
Sextus Pompeius Feflus de lingua Bate:
Sexti Iulii Frantini Strategamatu ^ ~ SE
Silius Italiens Po&ta.- guntysa esl
Statius Papinius Neapol Poeta. Ao
Titi Calpharnii Sienla Bucolica...
T- Liuius Hifloricus, 1
| Valerius Maximus.
"Aefeulapins nefcio quisyx animalibus weiredia defcripfrt que plerag., cadewapnd Sextum Platopicum reperio.
Alberti Magni de animalibus libri immumeris erroribus inquinati ita ot Niphus totidem
fere erroresimeffe fribst quot verba.
Alexander quidam autbor obféurus ab aliis e- jufdem farina authoribus eitatur y ipfenon vidi : vt e Rodolphus i in Leuitieum.
"Arnoldus de Villanoua yin 5s qua de animali- bus feribit, vt in libro detherisca,Arabuns corum~we interpreti tum semina. Ium ers vores fequitnr.
Bartelemai Anglici de proprittatibus rerum libri. 19.
Auerrois libros Arifateli de: generatione e? departibus paraphraflice reddidit licet meo judicio perperam interpretetur Niphus, Ego eum ex his feriptis nibil egregii [peraremy nei, f apud nos reperirem. accerferenolui.vt ned, Auicenna de animalibus libros jn qui- buspleradá, omnia Ariftotelis effe puto:
Si quid preter illa adiectum eft, in Alberti lucubrationibus, (quibus nos ff fumusy) eontineri.
Auicenns opera medica.De ein[dem libris ant- aliam in Alberti Magni mentione iam dixi,
Elluchafzm E limithar Medici de Baldath Ta-
tUi.
Ferdinadus à Ponzeto Cardinalis de venenis,
laco-
———
»-
EIL * —— um
m
———$
— wm
uad e e
=
JE REI.
d
ef Catalogue
Jacobus Dondus Pataninus, quemevulgo Ag-
gregatorem- vocant.
Tovachs cuiu[ dam liber deanimalibus ab Al-’ berto Magno j| ape citatur, (abalys.obfcu- rit. ait antem eufrequentur falfa fcribere.
Kirandes etianz tte[cio quis ab ag eregatore: (i alijs recentioribus remedy s precipue ex animalibus fubinde citatur.
Matthei Syluatiei Paudecfa Medicinales.
R. Mofes.
petrus Aponenfis venenis.
Rafís im libro defexaginta animalibus.
Semeryo vel Haren Semeryoab Alberto Mag: no in hiftoria animaliufrequentur citatar,
SéPADIO, SS PUAN
Vincenti, Belluasenfis: de animalibus libris 7. nempe decimus [eptimus Specult waturalis cit [ex fequentibus specals doctrinalis etia libro decimo[exto vur[us de sj dem bremter agit. snvder, Mus
Liber denatsra verum authoris inmominati, páffm apud vecentiores illos quorum impu rus fermo Latinis eft eitatur Vincentium, \ Allbertitex quibus nos omnia qua no pror-
fus abfurdaerant amutuati [umus.
Andrea Bullunenfis GloffematainAuicennam TN c erudita, quamuis dictions non ddmodum pur efuit enim lingna Ara~ bice peritus yita cot orthographiaetia [erip- tarum abeo dictionum maior frt habenda fe- des, quamsab alijs quorum plerig, mifereit- lam corrupersnt.
Lauren, Rufcius Hippiaerita peritiffime ferip. fft, quanquam flilonen [atis Latina,
Jfidorus Etymologici [ni libro xa. de animali- bus quadam fcripfit non inutilia : meretur autem medii fere locu nifallor , inter claf- fécos & barbaros aushores.
Ft ci Monachi illi quorum commentary in Mefuen ante: annos. circiter oito Venetiis excuft (unt.
Eiu[dem ordinis fuerint & Petri Crefcenti- enjfis dere Ruft libri.
Aenea Sylusj Afta ch Europa defcriptio.
Alexandri ab Alexandris, IC. Neapolit. Dies
entales. Alexandri Benedicti Veronenfis de morbis eu- randis opus.
Aleifj Cadamufti nauigatio.
Aleifs Mundella Epiflola medieimales. Ameriti Vepputy nauigationes. Andres Alciati Emblemata. " "Andres Ve[alzg opus Anatomicum. í Angelia Polirtani opere. Antonij Mufa Bra[auolilibri de medicamentis
vifitati frmplieibus er compo[ii. Antonisis Thylefrus. Auguftini Niphi commentarij im libros Ari frotelis de animalium hifforta generationes e partibus. FEin[dem de augurijs liber. Baptifla Fiere Mantuani ceua. BaptifleplatinaCremonenfis de henefta volu- ptate & valetudine libri, ; Baffianus Landus Placentinus-de bumana hi~ fforia.
^. Belifarius Aquiuiuus Aragonens Neritinorià
dux de venatione, ex Oppiano fere, Ein[dem de aucupio liber. Brocardus mrnachns de Terra fancta. Caly Calcagnini opera. Caly Rhodigini Antiquarü lectionum. wolu- men: qued frequentifsime im apere noftra Calii fimpliciter nomine citatur Caelius Aurelianus Siceenfis, ¢ hic pertinet ad erdinem veterum.) Cali Secundi Curionis Aranens, Caroli Figuli dialegi, alter de emu[fels y alter depifcibus in Mofella Aufony. Caroli Stephani feripta de vacabalisvet bor- tenfis, Seminary Co Vineti, Chriftophori Columbi Nauigatio. Chriftophori Orofci Hifpama Annotationes im "etiam e eus amterpretes, Defiderij Erafmi Rot. opera. Eiufdem C lilia des adagiorum Erafmus Stella de BorufGia antiquitatibus. Francifci Mari Grapaldi Parmenfis de parti- bus edium libri. 2. Tractat autem de ani- malibus libri primi capitibus, 6. 7:8. 9. Francifci Maffarii Venetiim nomum Plimi de naturali bifloria Caffigationes & Anneta- tines. Francifei Ni evi Baffianatis Rbatia. Francifeus Robortellus Vtinenfis. Gabrielis Humelber gti commentarii in Same. nicum, in Sextum de medicinis animalis, e in Apicium. . Gafparis Heldelini ciconia encomium. . Georgit Agricola libri de metallis.Dependeri- bus c men[uris. b y Eiufdem liber de animantibus [ubterrafeis. Georgii Alexandrini prifearis apud anthores veiru[Hica enarratio. ) Guileilmi Budei Commentarii lingua. Graea, Ein[dem Philologia. Gul. Philandri Caflilient] Galli in Vitruuinm annotationes. Guilielmi Turneri Angli liber de auibus. Gilberti Lengolii dialogus de anibws. í Her-
of the Authors.
Hermolai Barbari Ca[Higationes in Plinium,
Coroliariumin Diofcoridem. — * Phyfica,
Hieronymi Cardani de fubtilitate libri.
Hieronymi Vide potma de bombyeibus.
Jacobi Syluii libri de medicamentis fimplicibus deligendis c pr eparandis.
Jani Cormarii Annotationes in. Galena de cop.
pharm feenndum locas.
Joschimt Camerarii Hippocomus, Rhetorica.
Joachimi Vadiani Commentarii in Melam.
Jo. Agricole Ammonii de fimplicibus medica mentis libri. 2.
Jo Boémus Aubanus de moribus omnium gen- Hu.
Jo. Brodei annotationes in epigrammata Gra-
e«. Jo. Fernelius Ambianus de abditis rerum cane ffs. Io. Cufnerus medieus Eermanus. Jo. Jouinianus Pontanus. Io. Manardi Ferrarienjis epiftole medicina- les. Jo. gaui[ i Textoris Officina. Jo. Ruellii biftoria plantarum. Jo. Prsintprofpopeia amimalium carmine, eu annotationibus Iae. Gliuari. Jedaci Vuillichit Annotationes in Georgica Ver ili. Julianus Aurelius Leffüenien[ts de cognomini- bus deor um gentilium. Lazarus Bayfius de re veffjaria, de ve nautica, devafeulis.
Leonelli Fatientini deVittoris, de medendis |
morbis liber. Lili Gregorii Giraldi Syntagmata de dits. Ludowici Vartomanni Romani patritià Naui- gationum libri V 1. | Marcelli Vergilii in Diofcoridem Annotati- ones...
Mare: Pauli Veneti de regionibus Orientisli-
bri 3. | Matthias à Michou de Sarmatia Afana atque « Europea.
Medicorum recentiorum cum aliorü, tum qui
parum Latine de curandis morbis [ingula- tim fevip[erunt libri diuerfi, ' Michael Angelus Blondus decanibus e$ ve- natione. | Nicolai Erythr ei Index in Vergilium. Nicolai Leoniceni opera. | Nicolai Leontci Tbomei Varia hifleria. Nicolat Perotti Sipontini Cornucepia. Othonis Branfelfii Pandect « medicinales. Paulus Iouins de pifcibus. idem de Mafchouztarum legatione.
Petrus Crinitus.
Petri Galliffardi Araquei pulicis Encomium.
Petri Gilly Gals Additiones ad Aeliani libres deanimalibus à fe tranflatos.
Eiufdem liber de Gallicis neminibus pifci- um.
Petri Martyris Oceana decades, de nauigatio- nibus noui Orbis. |
Philippi Beroaldi Annetationes in Colamel- lam. |
Pinzoni nauigationes:ci Magellani ad infulas Moluchas.
Polydorus Vergilius de Anglia.
Idem de rerum inuentoribus,
Raph. Volaterranus,
Robertus Cenalis de ponderibus c menfurts.
Roberti Stephant Appendix ad Dictionarium Gallicolatinum.
Scribonius Largus.
Sebafliani Munfleri Cofmographia uninerfa~
Sebaftiani Siemari cieada Encomium, Stroxy poéta,pater & filius.
Theodoffus Trebellius Foy oiulien/is, concinna-
nator Dictionary qued Promptuarium in- Jerip/it.
Valerius Cordus de wedicamentis compofitis apud Pharmacopolas ufitats.
L|
German ÁvrTHORs.
Balthafaris Stemdel Dillingenfis Opfatyti- Cae.
Eberhardus Tappins Lunenfis de accipitri-.
bus. | Ein[dem prouerbia Germanica cum Latinis cb Gr «cts collata. Hieronymi Tragi hiftoria plantarum. Joannis Elia fcripta de wocabulis venatorys in libro eius de (cientia feribarum publicorum. Jo. Stump[ii Chromica Heluetia,
Michael Herus de quadrupedibus,
Olai Magnitabula & libellus de infulis c ve- gionibus Oceani Septentrionalis Eura- p4. |
Vary libelli Hippiatrici Medicinales, e aly ; partim exeuff, partim manufcriptt.
Irattan Avruorse
Francifci Alunni(non Arlunni, vt [epe {crip-
fimmus in boc Opere) Ferrarienfis Fabrica mundi.
Petri Andree Matthaoli Senenfis commenta-
tary in Dio[coridem.
| Ter-
eee ee SS ao. = = M
er na RPS naar lo SE AE aros RETE Rc
a A Mint arc FS
=a. :
a
> et re 3
— tog Thm
eA Catalogue
Terra Sancta defcriptio Autberis innemi- nati.
Frencn AvTuGRs,
Gulielmus Tardiuus de accipitribus c canibus Venatitis.
Andre Furnery liber de decoratione bumana natura. i
To. Geeurotus, de Con[eruattone vita.
Thome Eliote Dittwnarium Anglicolati- num.
Sigi[mundi Gelentj Lexicon fimphonum La-
tine, Grace, Germanita, c Illyrica lin~
KA UAT UM.
CATALOGUS DOCTO- RVM VIRORVM, QVI VT OPVS hocnoftrum & rempub.literariam illuftra- rent, vel aliunde imagines animalium , aut nomina defcriptiones miferunt : vel prz-
fentes communicarunt. Horum
nonnulli fupeirus quoq; nomi-
nati funt quod infuper {criptis.corum pub- licatis adiutus fim.
Chilli P. Gaffarus medicus Germana.
Age. Peijer Scaphufianus.
Aloiftus Mondella Brixienfis medicus.
Andreas Martinus Roflochienfis.
Antonius Eparchus Coreyraus , Grace leue profeffor Venetis... o oo
Antonius Mufa. Brafauolas illuftrifamt Fer- varia dacis Hereulis Eften[is archiatros.
Antonius Stuppa Rhatns. i
Arnoldus Peraxylus Arlenius Germanus.
partalmikus a Caffromuro canonuus Curtenfis in Rhetia. i t
| Calius Secundus Curio Italus.
Calius Sozints Senenfis.
cajfar Hedto ecclefiaftes Argentinenfis.
Chriftophorus Clauferus Tigurinus archiatros
Cornelius Sittardus medicus Germanus.
Dominicus Monthe[aurus medicus Veronen-
Js S.
| Dauid Chytraus.
"Aegidius Flecherus.
Edw : Wootonus.
Florianus Sufz Rolitz a Varfhania Polonus,
Francifcus. Belinchettus. merchator: Berga-
menfis, Ge. Aericolacon[ul Kempnicff. Ge. Fabrieiuspota, Scbole rector Mifene. Gilbertus. Horftins Ausflerodamus medicus Rome, Greorgius Mangolt Conftantienfis, Guilielmus Gratarolus Bergomenfis medicus. Gulielmus Padeats D. medicina. Gultelpsus Camdenus Clarentius. Guiltelmus Turnerus Auglus medieus. Henricus Stephanus Roberti filius, Parifienfis. Hieronymus Fraea[orius Veronen[is medicus. Hieronymus Frobenios Bafilienfis typographus Hieronymus Tragus Germanus, Jobannes Caius D medicine. Jo. Altus Heffus, Jo. Culmannus Goppingenfis. Io. Dernfwam Germanus, Ie. Eftwycus Anglus. Io. Falconerus medicus Anglus. Jo. Kentmannus Drefdenfis medius. Jo. Oporinus Bafilienfis typographus. -fanma, Jo. Ribittus [acrarum literarü iterpres Lau- Juffinus Goblerus I. C. cf principi Naffauien- fiaconsilys, Lucas Gynus medicus Italus. Michael Alyfius Gallus Trecen[is medicus... Nicolaus Gerbelius Phorcenfzs I.C. Petrus Dafjypodius Greearum literarum pra- feffor Argentorati, preceptor meus, Petrus Gillius Gallus. Petrus Merbeliu, Germanus, Corelo V. aeon- Jis Mediolani. Petrus de Mefnil Gallus. petrus Paulus Vergerius olim epi[cop.1u[lino- politanus, Sebaflianus Munflerus Hebrace lingua pre- feffor Bafwles Sigifmundus Gelenius Bohemus. Simon Lithonius Valestus. Theodorus Bibliander facrarum literarum a- pud nos profeffor. Tho. Bonham D.mediti. Thomas Gybfon Anglus mediems. Valentinus. Grauius vir docfus- & fenator: Mifena. Vincentius Valgrifius Germanus, typoayaphus Venetiis. Alexandri
* HT
bé
eA Catalogue
Awe Myndij liber de animalibus. e hiftoriainmentorum, memorantur ab A- thenae.
Aptipatri librum de animalibus citat. Plutar- tarchus in libro decaufis nat.probl. 38. Antiphorhetor férzpfit de pauomb. Athenaus. Archefratus de varijs animalibus ad eibis ap-
tis eorum, ad gulam cr voluptatem appa- ratncarminibus [ertpfst , qua per[ape veei- tat Atbenaus. | Cacus Argus depifcibus feripfit earmine, Athenaeus. Callifthents librmm tertium de venatione citat Plutarehus in libro de fluuds. -
Epicharmus Syracufanus pecudum medicinas
diligentifsime conferipfit. Collemella. Leonides Byzantius [eripfit de pifcibus oratio- ne foluta, Atbenaus. ANumenif librum Theriacum citant. Scholia in Nicandrum, Dares Numenius Heracleotes de pifcibus poema con- didit, Athenans. . Petri Ophiaea adducit Soholiaftes Nicandri. Paneratius Arcas Halieuticha reliquit carmi- ne : item Pofidonius Corintbius, Athenaus : Seleucus Tartenfis Halientica edidit profa, Athen, Softratus fcripfit natura animalin, ut "Athenaei (Nicandri Scholtaftes citant. E- infdem fecundis de venatione librum citat Stobaus in Sermone quo Venus vituperatur Strato Lampjacenus PA ficus feripfit de gene- satione animalium, item de animalibus, de quibus dubitatur, c de fabulofis animali bus Laértius. ! Theephraftus Ereffius ( Laertio tefle) {oripfit de dinerfitate vocw animalium eiu[dem ge- neris lib. Y.De animalibus qua fapere diucit- fur umm. De bis qua in [iéco morantur du es Deanimalibus feptem. De his qua colo-
resimmutant ont De his que latibula faci unt Ung. De antomatis (fic puto Vocat que senex coitu , fed ex putredine nafcuntur.) animalibus unum.Compendy ex Aviffotele de animalibus libros 6.De avimalii) racen- tia ei maribus vna.De fructibus et anima libus veríus millecentis ci octoginta duos, Horunonnullos etia Atheneus citat. nem= fe tous pert zoen pert tonen to zero diatri- Lonton zoon pert ton pheleuonton periton metaballenton tas fevoas:item peri ton da
. keton kai bletieon.
Xenocratis librum de vilitate qua abs animali bus capitur. citat Galenss.lib. 10. C. 4. de fimmplicibus.
Auguflinus Niphws in prafztione comentari- erum quasin Ariftotelis de animalibus lis bros edidit complures alios authores vete- ves, quort libri de avimalibus fcripti nà ex- tent, enumerat mutuatia ex Indice Pling
- qui loco primi libri babetur. Authores enim aliquot quas otauopracipue libro plinius nominat tanqua emnes de animalibus fim-
pliciter [cripferint ÀNipho numeratur guns alli obiter tantis in opertbus [uis vel ves ge fias velvemvuflicà continentibus animali- um quorudamiminerint.Iaba, Hieron, At- talus, P ilemeter & Archelaus reges de vi- natnrag, animalis diligenter perferipfevut Gillius Ego rezum iftornm nomina citari quide apud Plinium reperio, de apimalibus vero ex profeffo cos feripfiffe nufqua legere memini.Hiero quidem Philometer, Atta- lus C Archelaus de cultura agri feripferit, vt refert Plinius Y8.5 Iuba vero tum alia, zum de Arabia fiue Arabica expeditione ,ea- dem tefle 6. 27.6 12.14.18 Quibus libris multa eos de animalibus feripfiffe conycio,
ex profejfo nufquam.
— PÀ
* 3 - v = 1 * - X ^ ; T j wm
Sais
5.79 agb E52 2 4 x K 24 P : 4 P » " " t E : L ^j n * ^ * z &
CERE Ede
D . j
"
PALE P OES PALS POE PUES PUES PLES LUE ieee Oo SF "s ogee o7 EOS o7 e SKE EO ou SS os A CO RY RAN LIES ASE SIS SIU SSE SEE
eAn Englifh Table expreffing the name ofenery Be aft in fuch
fort as itis recited in this Hiftory, referring euery Beaft to his proper head and kind by the
Page. f A. Camels. 93 FitchorPool.cat. 219 ^X Ntalope- 1 CamedlDromeday — ,97 Foxe. 210 Ape vulgar. 2 Camelopardall. too CrucigeranFoxe, 212 Ape Munkey. 6 Allocamell. 101 G. Ape Martine. ; QCampe. 102 Gennet Kat. 228 Ape Callitriche. 9 Cat. 102 Goates. . Apc Prafian. g Wildecat. 107. Goatesvulgar. 230 Ape Baboun. 1o Colus. 198 Mambrine Goats. 235 Ape Tartarine. — - 15, Cony. 109 Deere-Goatts. 143 Ape Satyre. 13 Indian Pig-cony. 112 Wilde Goat. 144 Ape Monfter. EC D: Kyd. 147 Ape Notuegian 16 Deare. — Gulon. 161 Ape Pan. ^ 16 FallowDeere. 13 Gorgon. 163 Ape Sphinx. 1:7 RoeBucke, 114 H. Ape Sagoni. 18 Tragelaphus. 118 Harc. 164. Ape called Beare ape. "tg HarandHinde. ^ 121 Hedghog. 177 Ape called Foxe-apé. 19 Didtyese 733. Horfe. Affe. 20 Dogges. | Horfe vulgar. 28% Hinnus. i9 Dogges. 137 StallionsandMares. 29$ Tnnus. - jbid, Greyhound. ; 44 Hunting Horfes. 321 Ginnus. ibid. Hound. 149 Runningorrace Horfes, 322 Mannus. ibid. Bloud-Hound. «1590 Geldings. 324, M Mannulus. ibid. Spanniel. 153. Carrecring Horfes. als in Befi. ibid. Mungrels. »» 154 PackeHortes. 325 i | Burdones. ibid. Mimicke or IflandDog. 16: Wilde Horfes, 335 E Wilde Affe. - 30 Little Mezlitaan Dogs. 161 Hippelaphus, 236 na Scythian Affes. 31 The Harier. ... 165 SeaHorfe, >, 328. "d Indian Affes. 32. The Terriar. d 165 Hygna. i AR Axis and Alborach. 32 . The Gafehound. 16; Hyznavulgar, 436 | B. The Leymmer. — 168 Papioor Dabuh, 439 | | Badger,Brocke,or Gray. 3; The Tumbler. — 4, 168 | Crocuta. 440 n! Beare. 35 TheTheeuifh Dog. 169 Mantichora, 44 E AM Beauer. | ! 44 TheSetter. 169 5 ji i ! Bifon. sO TheWaterfpanniel,; .. 170 Ibex, 445. (d Scotian Bifon. $2 TheFifher. 171 Ichneumon or Pharoes . il f 4 Bonaffus. (53 TheSheapheards Dog, 17? ^. Moufe, : 449 P 3 Buffe. $6 TheMaftiueorBandog. 173 1» Ty 3 i Bugle. $7 ‘TheButchersDog: ., 174 LamiaorPhayrye, 452 ^D | Affrican Bugill. 59 Cursofallfortsy .;;.. 177. Lyon. iot Eo1/:494 m Pull. 61 E, Linx, 488 n Oxc. 67 Eale. 5 190 M, it : Cow. 7r Elephant. . 1:90 Martenor Marder, 495 hu Calfe. edeug8~. Elke. 211. Mole; 498 M N | Mite, "ARN, | Cacus. | «er Ferret, 217 Vulgar M oufe; 503 . Aa
^s Rat "
Rat,
Water Rat.
Alpine Moufe, Dormoufe, Hamfter Moufe, Norician Moufe. Pontique Moufe, Flying Moufe, Shrewor Erd Shrew Wilde field Moufe, Woed Moufe, Hatfell Moufe. Lafcett Moufe, Sorex, " Indian Moufe,
Muske cat. Mule,
Neades,
N.
eA nother Alphabeticall able directing the Reade to the
A Eitican xm Alborach.
Alpine Moufe. Antalope.
Ape vulgar. Arabyan Sheepe Affe. Axis
Baboun. Badger sPraekiar Gray. Beare T Beare ape. Beauer. Bef. Bifon. Bloud-Hound. Bonaffus. Buffe. Bugle. Bull. Burdones. Butchers Dog. Ci
B:
Cacus.
Calfe.
Callitriche. Camels,
Ca melopardall. Campe. Carreering Horfes,
3»
-§20
521
$26 529 $31 $32 533
534 542 544 545 546 546 548 551 556
$67
T he Table.
Ounce, Orynx. The Otter.
P, Panther. Poephages. Porcupine. Reiner or Ranger Rhinocerot
S,
Su, and Subus. Arabian Sheepe Ramme Weather Sheepe Lambe Mufmon ' Strepficeros Squirrel Getulian Squirrell
ftory of euery Beaft.
Car.
Cow. Colus. Cony. Crucigeran Foxe. Crocuta. Curs ofall forts.' D. Dabuh or Papio, Deere-Goates. Di&yese Dogges. Dorraoufe , T
Eale. Etephant. Elke. ;
ie o Fallow Deere Pee. Ficldmóufe Fither dog: Fitch or Pool-cat.
. Flyeng Moufe
Foxe. Foxe-ape.
G, Gafehound. Gennet Kat.’ Geldings. Greyhound, Ginnus.
"7190
; $42
Vulgar Swyne 579 WildeBoare $71 T Tatus 575 ‘Tiger $e V. 588 Vnicorne ^s. 2 Vre-Oxe 595 Libian Vre-Oxe Indian Vre-Oxe 660 W 600 Weafell: 63 1 Wolfe 638 Sea Wolfe . 640 Z 642 Zebellor Saball 655. Zibetor Ciuetcat 657 659
102 Goatesy 'ulgar. 71 Gorgon.
108 Gulon.
109 H. 222 Hare.
440 Harier.
177 Hart and Hinde.
Hamfter moufe
Hafell moufe.
Hedghog.
Hinnus.
Hippelaphus,
Horfe vulgar.
Hound.
190 : Hunting Horfes.
"Hyena vulgar,
211I I,
Ibex,
Ichneumon Tanus.
Indian Affe.
439 143 136
137 526
113
dio
Indian moufe, Indian Vre-Oxe
Lambe : Lamiaor Phayty ye. Lafcet Moufe The Leymme f.
29 Lyon,
Indian Pig- cony.
/ ey
T We he
Linx, 488 Lybian Vre-Oxe. 714 M,
. Mungrels. 154 Mambrine Goats. 235 Manuchora, 441 Martenor Marder, 495 Martine Ape.
Mares fee Stallions
Mannus & Mannuluss.. 29 Maftiuedog, — . 173 Melitzan Dogs. | 161 Mimick or Getuliaa Dog. 161 Mole; 498 Monfter. I5 Moufe Vulgar, $03 Mule 12115556
. Munkey. 6 Musk-cat. $51 Mufmon 642
A N
Neades. 567 Noruegianmoufe ' 532 Noruegian Ape 16
O Orvx. 570 Otter. $71 Ounce 568
P Packe Horfes, 325
TheT able.
Pan Ape. Panther Poephagus Pontique Moufe. Pocufpine
R
Ramme.
Rat.
Reyner or Ranger Rhinoceros
Roe Bucke,
. Running or race Horfes.
S Ape Sagoin. Satyre Ape. Sphinx. Scythian Affes. Scotian Bugle. Sea Horfe, Sea Wolfe Setter Dog.
Sheapheards Dog. _
Shrew moufe Sheepe
Sorex
Spanniel.
Squirrels Stallionsand Mares, Strepficeros, Swyne.
16 575
($97
532 885
631 ao 612 595 II4
322
18 15 17 3I $2 328 759 169 172 534. 598 546
153^
657 295
655 $62
Tartarine. Tatus. Terriar. Tyger. Theenith Dog. Tumbler.
M. Vnicorne. VreOxe.
Ww.
Water {panniel, Water rat Weatell wilde Bore Wildecat. Wilde Goat. Wilde Horfe, wilde mice wilde ficld-mice Woodmoufe VVolfe
Ze
Zebell or Sable Zibet or Ciuet Kat.
FINTS,
755 756
i 4 hl | 1 4 1 1 M il th 1
cmm
EE GIG:
LE
ns
eal :
€ —— — TEM
ENA Y SS p2 2 6 AY ON ie SENG TO ERU S NS ev E d N \ lhe s (PRON, ? / * S S 72 ce h Y ' 3
4
. HISTORIE OF FOVRE FOOTED BEASTES
THE ANTALOPE. -
HE 4atalope called in Latine Calopws,and ofthe Grecians E eAnalopos or Aptolos:ofthis Beaftthereisnomention made —— 4 | "M | among the auncient Writers, except Suidas and the Epi- Tu |i ftleof Alexander to. Aristotle, interpreted by Cornelius Ne- B potius. "They are bred in India and-Syria, neere theRiuer ne ii of y l Eupbrates, and delight. much to drinke of the colde water E thereof : Their bodie is like the body of a Roe, and they i ( hauc hornes growing forth of the crowne of their head, B. which are very long and fharpe s fo that Alexander affir- | M 3 | med they pierced through the ‘hieldes of his Souldiers, Bg and fought with them very yrefully : at which time his company flewashe trauayled to Bug India, eight thoufand, fiue hundred, and fifty: which great (lau ghter may bethe occafi- go on why they are fo rare and fcldomefeene tothis day bycaufe thereby the breeders and 4
meanes oftheir continuance (which confifted in their multitude) were weakened and de(troyed. Their hornes are great and made like afaw, and they with them can cut afun- der the branches of Ofier or fmall trees, whereby it commeth to paffe that many times their necksaretaken in the twiftes of the falling boughes, whereatthe Beaft with repi- ning cry,bewrayeth himfelfe to the Hunters, and foistaken. The vertues ofthis beaft are vnknowne, and therefore Suidas faith, an Antalope is but goodin part. "
[05 Nj SS
ram Bs Sy oS
>.
ec j 2
R.
2 “= - 8,
UY
yy
j
<A
/ Y P Jy. ( Ny) ety WA NN esse I tt tud
Ati W
— a ae WS à
[a --
vt
N Apécalled in Latine Simmia,andfometimes Simius and Sis
Cieero. miolus ; ofthe Grecke word Simos (Viz: ) fignifieng,the ile flatneffe of the Noftrils, for fo are an Apes: and called No oftheHabrewes Koph, and plurally Kvphin s as is by S. ze-
rom wanflated,1 King. 10.22. From whence it may be pro- Ofthe name bably conie&ured,came the Latine words Cepi & Cephi,for
Apes that haue tailes. Sometimes they ate called ofthe 46 «| Habrewes Bogiah, andof the Chaldees Kophin. The Italians
3| Samada Maionio,& Bertuccia, anda Munkey Gatto Maimone.
2 Theauncient Gratcians Pithecos and the later Mimon , and
ao Ximio,the French Singe, the Germaines Aff, the'Flemifbe Simme or Schimmekell, the Il- Thefmalvie 7^ 27 707 J F. peto me DE of apes, lirians Opieze,and generally they are held'for a fubtill , ironical, ridiculous and vnprofita-
*Athanante — * Anacharfisthe Philofopher, being ata banquet wherein diuersiefters were broughtin so Kpsrmade Ape, atthefight whereof hee lauphed hartily ;and being demaunded the caufe why hee for laughter, laughed not before, aunfwered ;that men do but faine merriments, whereas Apes are natu-
Qualities of $posv
1 v of the Ape. 3 lowes, that were turnedinto Apes, andfrom their feate or habitation came the Pithecu/an Iflands, which Viregdll calleth Inarime:for Arime was an old Hetrurian word for an Ape,and thofe Iflands being the feates of the* Gyants (who being by God ouerthrowen for their wickednes ) in denfionofthem Apes were planted in theirroomes. Apes haue beene ravght PAERIS,. to leape, finge, drive Wagons, raignieg and whipping the Horfes very artificially, and TE RE are very capable of all-humaine actions; hauing an excellent memory either to (hew loue e to his friends, or hatefull'teueage to them that haue harmed him, butthe faying is good that the threatning ofa flatterer, andthe anger ofan Ape are both alike regarded. — lt delighteth much in the company of dogs and young Children, yet it will ftrangle young Hurts recti-
1o. Children if they benot well looked vnto. A certaine Apefeeing a Woman wathing her ep eas Child ina bafen of warme water obferued her diligently, and getting into the houfe when: the Nurfe was gonetooke the childe out ofthe Cradle, and fetting wateron the fire, when it was hot; {tripped the Childe naked, and wathed the childe therewith vnrill itkilled it.
The countries where: Apes are found, are Zybia and all that defart Woods betwixt Egypt Ethiopia and Libia; and that parte of Caseaf/zs which reacheth to the red Sea. In Countries India they are moft aboundant, both Redde , blacke; greene, duft-colour , and white ones, SE which they vfe to bring into Citties (except Red ones,who are fovenereousthatthey will — rauith their VVomen) aid prefentto their Kings, which grow fo rame, that they go vp and downe the ftreetes-fo boldly and ciuilly as ifthey were Children, frequenting the Mar-
20 ketplaces without arty offence: whereof fo many (hewedthemfelues to Alexander ftan- Booke of voi ding vpright, that he deemed themat firft to be an Army of enemies, and commaunded to Ea joyne battell with chem, vntill he was certificdby Taxilws a King of that Countrey thea in his Campe, they were but Apes. your siodw 39£3
In Caucafus there até trees of Pepper and Spices whereof Apes are the gatherers, lining Labour of among thofe trees : for the Inhabitants come and vnder the trees make plaine a plotte of ?P** ground,and afterward caft thereupon boughs and braunches of Pepper and other fruites,as it were carelefly 5 which the Apesfecredy obferuing, in the night feafon they gather'togi- therin great aboundance all the braunches loaden with Pepper, and lay them on heapes vpponthat plotof ground; andfointhe morning come the Indians and gather the Pepper ©
So from thofe boughesin: great meafure, reaping no fmall aduantage by thelaborof Apes, . who gather their fuites for them whiles they fleepe:for which caufe they loue them and de- fend them from Lyons, dogges, andother wilde Beafts. In the region of Ba/man fubiect to the great Cham ofTartariayate many and diuersforts of Apes;very like mankinde,which when the Hunterstake;they pulloff their haires à] but the beard and the hole behindejand. afterward dry them with hotfpices, and poudering thein, fell them to Marchants, who car- ry them about the world, prefwading fimple people thatthere aremen in Iflands of no grea- ter ftatures To conclude; thete.areApes in Troglodite whichare maned about thenetke Diuerfitie of like Lyons, as bigas great Bel-weathers, So ate there fome called Cereopithecig Munkyes, *P°S C hoerabitheci Hoz- Apes, Cehi ,C allitriches , Marmofits,Cynocephali, of a Dog and an Ape, .:
o Satyress ana Sphinges,.otwhich we will {peake in order for they are notall alike, but fome re- (emble men orie way, and fome another: as fora Chymara which: Albertus maketh an Ape itis buta figment ofthe Poets. : Thefame man maketh Pigmeesakinde of Apes, and not men, but:-Wyphws proueth that they are not men bicaufe they hauc no perfe& vfeofrea- 1ib.7.1.de fon,nd modefty ; hoüefty;nor iufticeof gouernment,and though they fpeak yet is their one, language imperfe@t;and aboue alithey cannot bemen becaufethey haueno Religion, 72279 which (Plefo faithtruely) is proper to. euery man. Befides;their ftature being not paft 5. fourésor fiuc fpanslong; their life notaboue eight years, and their imitation ofmando ^«--* plainlj proue themrather tobe apesthen men: and alfo the flatnes oftheir Nofes,their ^, ,— ^ combats.with Cranes.& Partridges for their egges and other circumítances billnoc 0 ren
ve ftand vpon,but follow the defcription ot apes in generall. Apes outwardly refemble mé — very rbuch;S&Ve/aluus faith thactheir proportion diffreth from mans in moe things then Gallen obferueth, às inthe Muftles ofthe breaft,and thofe that mouethe armes,thelbow andthehamslikewifeintheinwardframe of the hand, inthe mufcles mouing the toes of ‘the feetandtlie feet & (houlders; & inthe inftrument mouing the fole ofthefoot; alfo inthe fundament and meffentaty;thelap oftheliuer;and the hollow vain holdingitvp, which nien hauenot yet in their face noftrils scares;ey-lids,breafts,armes,thum bs,fin- B2 gers
Chymera,
The anato~ my of apes.
So
4 T he Hifloryof foure-footed Beaftes.
gers they agree very much. Their haireis very hatfhand fhort, aad therefore hairy in the vpper part like men, and in theneather part like Beafts : they haue teeth before and behind like men, hauing around face, and eie-lids aboue and beneath, which other qua- drupedeshaue not. Politianus faith that the face ofaBull or Lyon is more comly thenthe faceofan Ape, whichis liker a mans . They hauetwo dugs, their breafts and armes like men,butrougher,fuch as they vfe to bend asa man doth his foot:fo their hands,fingers and nayls are like a mans, but ruder and nitnbler, and-nature hauing placed their Dugs in their breaft, gaue chem armesto ]fttheir yong ones vp to fuckthem. Their feet are proper and not like mans, hauing the middle one longeft, for they are like great hands, and confift of fingers like handes , but they are allalike in bigneffe, except that whichis leaftto aman is greatelt to an Ape, whofe foleis like the hand ut that it is longer, and in the hinder part itis more fle{hy, (omwhat refemblinga heele, but put backwarditis likea fift.
They vfetheir feet both for going and handling ; the neather parts of their armes,& their thighes are {horter then the proportion of their elbowes and fhins, they haue no Navel, but there isa hard thing in that place ;thevpper part of their body is far greater then the neather like other quadrupedes, confifting ofaproportion between 5. and 3.by rea- {on whereof they grow out of kind, hauing feet like handes and feete. They liue more downeward then vpward, like other foure-footed beaftes and they want Buttocks (al- though Albertus faith, they haue very large ones) they haue no taylelike 2. legeed cre- atures,or a very fmallfigne therof. The genitallor priny place ofthe female is likeawo- 26 mans, but the males likea dog : their nourifhment goeth more forward then backward, like the beft horfes, and the Arabian Seraph, which are; higher before then behinde, and that Ape whofe meate gocth forwardeby reafon ofthe heat of heartand Lyuer is moft
; ike aman, in flanding vpright. Their eies are hollow, and that thing in menis accoun- ted forafigne of a malitious mind, as little eyes are atoken of a bafe and abie& fpirite, Menthat haue lowand flat Noftrils are Libidinousas Apes that attempt Women; and hauing thicke lippes the vpper hanging ouer the neather, they are deemed fooles, like thelips of Affes and Apes. Albertus faith he faw the heart of a Male-ape hauing two . tops or íharpe endes,which I know not whethertoterme a wonder or a Monfter. An ape anda Cathaue afimall backe, and fo hath a weake hearted man; a broad and ftrongback 3€ fignifieth a valiant and magnanimous mind. Thenayles ofan Ape arehalfe round, and when they are in copulation they bend their Elbowes before them, the finewes ofthevr hinder ioynts being turned cleane about; but withaman it is otherwife. "The vaines of
r ^
their armes are no otherwife diffe&ted then a mans;jhaüing a very fimall and ridiculous
crooked thumbe, by reafon ofthe Mufcles which come oit ofthe hinder part ofthe leg
intothe middle of the íhin, and the fore-mufcles drawing the legge backeward, they can
io @ notexa&ly fland vpright,andtherefore they run and ftand, likea man that countetfai-
teth alame mans halung. 3 od ,eerteowesisG ossis N |
The difpos- . ; And asthe body ofan Apeis ridiculous by. reafon of an indecent likeneffe and imita-
pofi- «. m aer EIL
tionofapes, tion of man, fois his foule orfpirit for they are kepronly in riche mens houfes to {port 4 _ withall, being for that caufe eafilie tamed, followmg euery aGionhefeethdone,euento —
his owne harme without difcretion. A certaine Ape after afhipwracke fwimming to
lande, was feene by a Countrey mari,and thinking him tobe'a man in the water, gaue
-him his hand to faue him, yet inthe meane timeasked him what Countrcy man he was,
" who anfwered he was an 4thenian: well, faidethe man; Dooft thouknow Piraus (which
.wasaPortin Athens ) very wellfaide the Ape, and hiswife, friends and childrefi, where-
Placesof at the man being moued did what he couldtodrownehim: Th ey keep for the moft part
theirabode, -in Caues and hollow places of hils, in rocks and trees, feeding vpon Applesand Nuts,
Food of apes but ifthey finde any bitterneffe inthe (hell, they caftallaway: ‘They eate Liceand pick "them out of heads and garments. "They will drinke wine till they be drunke, but ifthey 5o
drinkitoftthey grow not great,fpecially they lofe their nails as other Quadrupedes do.
.. X hey arebeft contented to fit alofe;althoughtyed with chaynes: «They are taken by
'.. laying for them fhoos and other things, for they which huntthemwill anoint their eyes
with waterin their prefence, and fo departing, leaue a pot of Lyme or H ony in ftead of Themanner the Water 5whichthe Ape efpying; commeth and annointethher eyes therewithandfo ^ oftaking aps -being not able tofee, doththe hunter take her. Ifthey lay (hooes they are leadenones,
coo
" . UT ee ee Se dem ee Pe I MEET —— a cca T E Wu oom ce
4 Hiftory,
ws Euro e m ha Nc
H
ad > 4
go
to heauy forthem to weare, wherein are made fuch deuifes of Ginnes, that when once
the Apehath put them on, they cannot be gotten off without the help of man : Solike-
wife for little Bags made like Breeches, wherewithall they are deceiued and taken. They
bring forth young ones for the moft part by twins, whereof they loue the one arid hate | Precresuon theother ;that whichthey loue they beare in their Armes, the other hangeth atthe dams back;and for the moft part fhe killeth that which fhe loueth, by preffing it to hard: afterward, fhe fetteth her whole delight vpon the other.
The Egyptians when they difcribe a father leauing his inheritance to hisfonne that he Joueth not, picturean Ape with hir young one vpon her backe. The male and female 10 abide with the young one, and if it want anything, the mate with fiftand irefull afpc& punifheth the female. When the Moone is in the wainethey areheauy and forrowful,. Secretes in which inthat kinde haue tailes ; but they leape and reioyceat the change: for as other Beafts fo doe thefe, feare the detect ofthe ftarres and planets. They are fullofdiffimu- iier imitsti- lation, and imitation of man, they readilerfolow the euillthen the goodthey fee. They en. arc very fierce by nature; and yettamed forget it, but (till remaine fubie&t to madneffe.
"1 hey loue Conies very tenderly, forinEngland an old Ape (fcaríe able to goe) did des héiniasé: fendtame Conies ftom the Weatell, as Sir Thomas Moore reported. They feare athel q.i; feare fifth and a fnaile very greatly, as appeareth by this Hiftory. ;
, In Rome;acertaine Boy puta fnaile in his hat and came toan Ape, who as he was ac-
20 cuftomed,leapes vpon his fíhoulder and tooke off his hatto kil Life in his head, but efpy-
ing the {naile, it was à wonder tofee with what- haft the Ape leaped from the Boyes fhoulder, and in trembling manner looked backeto fee ifthe fnaile followed him : alfo when a fnaile was tied tothe oneend of another Apes chaine,fothat he co uld not chofe Tl but continually looke vpon it, one cannot imagine how the Ape was tormentedthere- — i . with, finding no meanes to get from it, caft vp whatfoeuer was in his ftomaeke, and fell | intoa grieuous feuer tillit was remoued fromthe fnaile, and refrefhed with Wine and
water. Cardane reporteth that itwas an ancient cuftome in former time when a parra- 3" antiquity: cide was executed, hé was f after he was whipped with bloody ftripes) put intoa facke, i . withaliue Serpent, a dog, an Ape anda Cocke: by the Serpent was fignified his ex- . 30 treame maliceto mankinde in killing bis father, by the Apethat in the likeneffe of man he wasa Beaft, by the dog howlike a dog he {parednone,nonot his owne father, and by
of the Ape. | 5
of apes,
their nature. -
a cocke his hatefull pride, and then were they altogether hurld headlong into the Sea. i
That he might be deemed vnworthy of allthe Elements oflife,and other bleffings of a |
nature. ALyon ruleth
the beafts of the earth, and a Dolphin the beafts of the fea, when the Dol- i
phinis inage and ficknes, (he recouereth by eating afea-ape : and fo the Lyon by eating AN do mida
ape ofthe earth, and therefore the Egiptians painta Lyon eating an ape; to fignifie, a
Icke ofapes. 4 S
mancuring himfelfe. The hart of an ape fod and dried whereof the weight of a groat drunk 1
mE adraught ofítale Hunny, fod in water; called Mellicraton, ftrengthneth the heart, em- Wm 40 boldneth it, and driueth away the pulfe and pufillanimity thereof: fharpeneth ones vnder- | ftanding, andis foueraigne againft the falling euill.
B 3 ‘THE a
SS n
Se
EK ab f is —Ó— 2 AIT ALS
6 — The Fiftory of foure-footed Beaftes.
THE MVNKEY.
che name, e He Munkey called in Greeke Cereopizbetos and fo in Latine Cercopithe- Pea), ows, that is atailed Ape: notto deftinguith it from all other Apes, but
he), from other vulgarand common Apes, forthere be Apes withtayles be-
9) ) We fides a Munkey, but not fooften feene. It is thought of fome that the
Munfter. CE ASU Hebrew Zym fignifieth a Munkey, other Ochim. Efa:13. Babell fhalbe de-
Proved, and the fearefull beafts Lijm [hall ye there, and Ochim [hall fill their boufes. Ny hich 19
Albertus. Ochim, is interpreted Mu nkeys, but not generally wherfore thereisan opinion thatthis
Geniraion kind of Ape is generated ofa wilde-cat very likean Ape, and an Ape, hauing two blacke
ef a monkey Ípottes on the cheekes , along taile, and blacke at the end thereof, it is called of tlie 7- taltans, Gatto mainone, ofthe French Marmot of Marmona : that isthe Ape ofa male; for
Masis-miona,' Mona fignifiethan Ape, ofthe Germans Meerkatz, that is the cat ofthe fea, ofthe Illiri-
ans Morska,and Koezka, as for Mammoner, itis à beaftleffethenan Apes of the Celts ivis
2e
rf
Inclination Called Abranas.They are very fportful; and giuento imitatetheaGions of met like apes, of Munkeys, jt being a queftion, whether dogs, Elephants, or Munkeys, haue the moft vnderítan- _ Secretesof aig among Brutes,and as was {aid before, whenthe Moone wayneth, itis lieauye and Munkeysna- ull, but in thenew Moone, ioccond and pleafant. Betwixt the Mammoners and Apesis 40 Py EM continuall watre, and the Mammonet being the weaker, yetthe wife and craftier créà- : " turejis much more couragious in fightthenan ape. Thefe Munkeys ofall things moft The feare of abhorre a crocodile, for at the fight ofthe skin a farre off, it hath bin feene how the fear- aMunkey, ~ full creature hath runne through fire and water, crying and trembling forthe naturall dread thereof. : | ae ^, o, Theyare bred inthe hils of con/tance, in the woods of. Bugiaand Mauritania. Ine£thio-~ The contrey P44) they haue blacke heads, haire like affes, and voices like to other. In Indiathey report of their abod thatthe Munkeys will climethe moft fteepe and high rockes, and fling ftones at them and Breed. chat profecute totakethem. When the king of Joga in India for religion goeth on Pil- grimage, he carrieth with him very many Munkeys, In like fort Munkeysare brought so from the new found Lands; from cilechut and Prafia : and not farre from Aden acittie of “Hurt of Mun 474014 is a moft high hill, abounding in thefebealts, who area great hinderance tothe keys. poote vintagers of the countrey ofealechut,for they will climbeinto the high palm trees, and breaking the veffels fet to receiue the Wine, poure forth that lickquor they findein them:they will eat hearbes and graine, and ears of graffe, going togither in great flocks, whereoftone euer watcheth at the vtmoft bounds of their campe, that he may crye out
mica. when
b fs NE^ 4
Of the (Cepus. a 7
when the husbandman commerh, and then al flying and leaping into the nexttreesefcape away : the females carry their young ones about with them on theit fhoulders, and with that burdenleapefromtreetotree. E onim geil evt one | Therebe of this kind of Munkeys two forts;one greater the other leffer, as is accounted Piuerfities of in England and Munkeys are in like fort fo divided, that there be in all fourc kinds differing Munkeyse in idm whereofthe leaft islittlebiggerthena (quitrell, and becaufe of their marucilous and diuers mowings, mouings, voices; and geftures, the Engli {uch Hiftrionical es a Monks. cens * és à | 5 Vins Er | - "The oncly difference betwixt thefe and other Apesaforefaide, is their taile; they differ Sofimss. | xo from men in their Nerues, in the ioynts of their loynes, and their proceffes,and they want Their snato= | the thirde mufcle moouing the fingers of their handes. 2apmenets arc lefle then an Ape, 77 DIN Y |. brown onthe back, and white on the belly, hauing a long and hairy taile, his neck almoft fo rd | . - bigashisbody,for which caufe they are tied by the hips that they flip notcollr.Theyhaue — ' ics | a round head, a face like a man, but blacke and bald on the crowne; bis nofe in a reafonable diftance from his mouth like a mans, and not continued like an Apes, his ftones preenifh _blewlikea Turkey ftone. They arecaught after the manner of Apes, and being tamed and taught, they conceiue and worke very admirable feats,and their skins pulled off them being deadare dreffedfor garments. The foolith Arabjans dedicated Memmontus cercopithecus vntoheauen, and inall afdi&ions implored his aide. Thereis one othet kind of Mun- F^. 29 keys, whole taileis onely hairy atthe tip called corcolipes.: another kind
THE CEPVS OR
Martine Munkey.
HE Martine -called M, epus of the Grecke 4o. . worde , Kepos which Ariftotle writeth Xebos,and fome tranflate Cebus, {ome - Cephus or Cepphus or more barbaroully celphws, the la- | ^ xinesíometimes Orfss, for indeede this kinde of ape in his beft eftate is like * a garden fet with diuers flo- wers; and therefore the beft kinde of them is difcerned and known by the fweeteft {auour, {uch being alwayes the moft ingenious imita- "tors ofmen. Itis very pro- bable that this name. cepus “is deriued ofthe Hebrewe Ex. Kaph and Kophin fignifying NC 7 apes in general,as is before. ' (7 faid, but yet this andis de-.— ftinguifhed from other by £——— —- rabo, A lianus and. Pliny : ——=
although Ariftotle doeth af ee | jx
The names.
Dieda 7 ^ f | Siculus. i |
40
2» Zz! | I YY yg YI 9 mod > m
= "m UT |
50
. make no difference betwixt ~ this and another ordinarie Munkey. : A 6. The games of great Pompey ficft of. allbrought thefe Martines to the fight of theRo- | | | | mains |
x 1 I 1
) Mil \\
<n,
i (d n | i B T be Hifloryof foure-footed Beaftes.
io ov ni Pliny. maines, and afterward Rome faw no more; they ar the fame whichare brought out of phe ite Oe lI im deor. Et bropia, and the fartheft Arabia, their fect and knecs being like a mans, and their fore- —— Wr Martins. feet like hands, their inward parts likea mans, fothatfome haue doubted whatkinde of
creature this {nould be, which isin parta man; and yeta Foute-footed beatt : it hauing
Maen ‘ i E noi: afacelikea Lyon, and fome part ofthe body likea Panther, beingas big asa wilde goate c c Em MUT Si»alo! ot Roe-bucke, or asone ofthe dogs of Erithrea anda longtaile, the which fuch of them: |. n n Their anato- as haue tafted fleth willeat fromtheir owne bodies. Concerning their coulor, howfo- OS e 3 m C I "a cuerthey are not allalike, for fome are blacke with white {pots, hauinga greater voyce or ie i Scalger, then others, fome yellow; fome Lyon-tauny,fome golden yellow,and fome cole-black : re WM pr. yet for the moft part, the headand backe parts to the taile, are ofa fiery color,with fome yo a. Their color. golden hairafperfed among the refidue, a white fnowt, andcertain golden ftrakeslikea dit collar going about the necke, the infetior parts ofthe necke downe to the breft andthe HOMME Dual cline — forefoot are white, their two dugs as bigas amans hand can gripe, are of ablewifh cou- —.— — E n : lor, and their belly white, their hinder legs blacke, and the (ape of their fnowtlikea Cy- Sei aa ee hi nocephale, which m ay be the difference betwixt El/anzs and Strabo, their cepus,.and Ari- Cy. ftotles Cebus, for nature many times bringeth forth like beafts which are not of the fame
kind. In England therewas a Martine that had his backeand fides of a green coulor, ha- uing heere and their white haire, the belly chin and beard(which was round) white,the face and fhins blacke, and thenofe white, being of the leffer kind, for in bignes it excee- Their difpo- ded notaco ney. Some of them in e£rhiopia haue aface likea Satyre, and other mem- 2° Bon. "bers, in partrefembling a Beare, and in part a Dog, fo are the Pra/ian Apes. This Mar- We tine didthe Babilonians, inhabiting neere Mempbis, for the ftrangenes, the coulor, and 3 |. Wr fhape thereof, worthip for a God. They areofeuill difpofition like Apes, and therefore B 3 | we willfpare both their pi&ures and further defcription, finding very little of them in Hiftories worth commemoration.
B The Ape CALITRICH. M 2: H E Calitrich fo cal- [| led by reafon of his ^... bearde,and may bee 39 termed in Englifh a bear-. ded Ape, willliueno other where then in Ethiopia and India, which are eafie to take, but verye harde to bring away aliue into thefe countryes. They differ in appearance from all other Apes, hauingalong beard and a large taile, hairyeat 4° theende, being in ZzZia all white, which the Indians hunt with darts; and being tamed, they arefo apteto playe, that a man woulde thinkthey were created for no other purpofe; where- uppon the Grecians vfein prouerbe, an ape hauinge abeard;foraridiculous and 59-
foolifhicfting man,
ehe name.
n RS aa n TREE EE
| their partes and coulor.
'Albertsese
—————— — »
-
la NS
| je Á AN
|
AWS RS |
| ANS ce NE Gy, | NWS P» | Xe tout p : N BNET Peay I — UMS Seu |
A MUS H Y , AE NGA
MM Pdl
7 fi Ils
EZ hp EY
» p»?
tion, doing no harme to any thing.
alongertaile, by rowling ouer and ouer three or fouretimes togither taketh fuch ftrength, that he leapeth from bough to bough, & tree totree, asifhe flew. An archer of that Sea-voyage hurt one of them with an arrowe, the wounded Beatt 4o prefently leapethtothe ground andfetteth vpon the archer, as fiercely.asa mad Dogge ; hedrew his fworde and fttucke off one of his armes, and fo atlaft with much adotooke the maimed beaft, who being brought tothe Nauy,andacuftomed tothe fociety of men, began by little and littleto |^ waxe tame... eM While he was inthe (hip bound with chaines, other ofthe company hauing been on land to fo- rage,brought out ofthe Marifhes a Bore, which 50 Borewasfhewedto the Munkey;at the firft fight either of other they fet vp their briftles, the rage ing Munkey Icapeth vpon the Bore,and winding his taile round about the Boare, with the one armehehadleft, caught fuch fafte holde by his throte, thatatlength he ftifled him. s ere
Peter Martyr tellech this ftory of oncof thefe, D that he being like toa great Munkcey but hauing °
Of the Prafyan Apes. 9
Egafthenes(faith /£- lianus and. Strabo)
writeth of Apes in +) eeu Prafia aRegionin /XD/4, bianca M which are noe leffe than great Dogges, and fiue cu- bits high,hauing hayte like a man comming foorth of their forhead and beardes, being altogither white ex- cepttheir tayles, which are two cubits and a halfe long very like a Lyons: and vn- to a fimple man it myght fceme , that their tüftes of hayre wereartificially trim- <= med, thoughit grow natu rally. Their beard is much like vnto a Satyres, andal- though their body be whit, yetis their head andtyp of their tayle yellowe, fothat the Martines before menti- oned,feemetobeaffiaanced |, — vnto thefe. Thefe Pra/yan (oap en ; jo : "lace oftheir apes liue in Mountaines Bo shade: . Woodes, and yet are they not wilde, but fo tame that
. oftentimes in great multitudes they come downe tothe Gatesand fuburbs of Latagis, . $0 where the King commandeth them daily fodden Rice for their food, which they cat; gp Their food, being filled returne again to their home and vfu
all places of harbour in great modera-
ib. 4. Oceans Decad 3.
Pet. Martyr.
The hatred of theíe apes
nn {
ET
ES
h ILI cl ee =u ee T = Se ee LS 2S SSS ee ee Se ee eue ee ee e a — = =
fot a ERE E pndnr- icem aad n Digi ai capta: (Oe ^ «il ca IT TTE Ag ette > ——— - E YAT ipe, 2
NATO le ‘Pome
Io T he Hifloryof foure-footed Beaffer.
There is another kind of Munkey, for ftature, bigneffe and fhape likea man , for by hisknees, fecret parts, and face, you would iudge him awilde man,fuchas inhabit Ni- *midtaandthe Lapones fot heis altogither ouergrowne with hayre; no creature except a
Hisleu. man can ftand folong as he,he loueth women and children dearly, like other of. his own kind, andis fo venerious that he willatte mptto rauifh women, whofe Imageis inthe former Page defcribed, as it was taken forth ofthe booke of the defcriptionof theholy Land. i^ :
IHE CYNOCEPHALE OR Saboun, i
te
30 a Ynocephales, are akinde of A pes whofe heads are like Dogges, and 314733? their other parts likea mans} Wherefore’ Gazjr tranflateth then Ca. Ariftotle, y mitipites, that is : Dog-heads: Inthe Fregcb; Germain, and Wyrian Pliny. , tongues, they are called of fome Babion, and in Italian, Babuino fio- Defeription 9 nifieth a fmallkindé of Ape: bit Ariftotle faith, thata Cynocephaleis
’ biggerthen an Ape. In Englifh they arécalled Baboons.
3 _ Thereare many kinds of Baboons, whereof fome are much giuen
to fifhing, fo thag they will tarry a whole day inthe deepe hunting for fifh,andat length 4e
come forth with a great multitude. Againe,theteare fome thatabhorre fithe, (as Orus ©.
faith J which kind the EgyptionsEmblematically vfe to paint, whenthey will difcipher a
The induftry Sacrifice. Somethere arewhich are ableto write; and naturally to difcerne Letters .
of Babouns. wpichkindétheolde Egyptian Prieftes bring into their Temples; and at their fir en- trance, the Prieft bringeth hia writing Table, à penfill and Inke, thatfo by feeitig him write, he may make triallwhether he be of the tight kind, andthe beaft quickly fheweth
Arrianus. *
=a
Prefter Tohn ad Rom.pout.
Own. his skill: wherefore in aüncienttime they were dedicated to Mercury, the faigned God of learning. / ra d" 7
4 fecret in The reafon why the Egyptians doe nourifh them am ongft their hallowed thingesis,
their Nature, tha
t bythem they may know the time of the coniun@ion betwixt the Sunneand Moon; becaufe the natureof this beattis, to hauea kind of feeling ofthat coniunction;for after that thefe two fignes meet;the Male-Baboon neither will looke Vp or eat; but cafthis eies to the ground, as it were lamenting the rauifnmentof the Mbone with difdainefull paf- fion : Inlikemaner the female, who moreouer at that time, fendeth foorth bloud out of . her wombe of conception, whereupon the Egyptians fignifie by a Baboon the Moone, the rifing of the Moon by his ftanding vpright, holding his hands vp toward heauen;&
wea-
5°
N "Ae *. MO
ce vlr
SEA Os
of the Baboun. 1i
. wearing a Crowne on his head, becaufe with fuch geftures doth thatbeaft eonptatulate herfirftappearancee . allied VERS in JA Another caufe why they bring them intotheir Temples, is becaufe ofthe holyneffe | of circumcifion;for it is mofttruef though ftrange) thacthey are brought forth circum- Circimeifion cifed, atthe leaftwife infome appearance; wherevnto the Pricíts giue great heedtoac- boons, — complifh and fini(h the workebegün. TheEgyptíans alfo paint a Baboon fitting , to fig- Ora. nifiethe Equinoctium, for in euery Equinoctium they barke or howle tweluetimes in one day,andío many times make water : wherefore the Egyptians alfo vpon theyr Aydrolo- "ies or Conduits did grauc a Baboon, out of whofe yard or priuy part yffued forth water, sd they alfo report, that this Beaft fonourifhed among their holy thinges; diethnot at once like other Beafts, buteuery day one part by the fpace of 72. dayes (the obeepars — remaining in perfection ofnatute)which the Priefts take and putin the catch day by day, ^ Wonde# till all perifh and be confumed. — : ^ On. —— "Lhe Weft region of Lybta and Ethyopia haue great ftore of Cynocephals, Baboons, and: Acephals, beafts without a head, whofe eies and mouth are in their Breafts. Inlyke fort: Fferodotus. in Arabia, from Dira fouthward ina promontorie, thete are many Bábeons and in the Counirey of continent called Dacbimabides beyond Barygaza ,andthe eaflern mountaines ofthe Me- 5,77, diterranean region, and thofe which Apolloniws {aw betwixt the rivers Ganges and Hypha- V Avrgui, fis feemeto be of this fort,in that he defcribeth them to be blacke haird,Dog-faced,and | 4o like little men: wherewithale/£//4sss fcemethto be deceiued, in faying, that there are men Cypoprofopei , Dog-faced, whereas it isthe crror of vulgar people, tothinke that Babeunsare men, differingonely in the face or vifage. ! | | Concerning their members or parts in feueral,they are black and haity,rough skinned, Lie anatos red and bright eyes, along Dogges face, and teeth ftrongerand longer then Dogges : pile the face ofa Lyon muft not be attributed tothis beaft, nor yet aSatyres, though it bee morelike. It hathagrimand fearefull face, andthe female hath naturally her wombe caft out of her body, andfo fhe bearethit aboutallher lifelong: their voyee isa fhtill whizing, for they cannot fpeake,& yet they vnderftandthe India language,vnder their Theitroyce- __ beardthiey haue a chin growing like a Serpents, and bearding about the lips like a Dra- vela, $6 gonstheir handsarearmed with moft ftronge nailes, and fharpe, they are very fwiftof foot, and hardto be taken; wherefore they willrun to the waters whenthey are hunted, — | beingnot ignorant that among waters they are moft hardly taken, they are very fierce and aGtiuein leaping, biting deep and eage rly where they lay hold, neither dothey euer growe fotame, but that they remaine furious alfo. They loue and nourith fheepe and Goates, and drink their milk, they know howto take the kernels,out of Almonds, Wal- their oue nuts and Nits, as welas men, finding the meat within, thoughthe fhel be vnprofitable: and food they willalfo drinke wine and eat fleth, fod, tofted;or delicioufly dreffed, andthey will — |, cat Venifon, whichthey by inen of their fwiftnes take eafily, and hauing taken it teare ee reet it in peeces and roftitinthe y
Another fecret,
un, they can fwim fafely ouer any waters, and therefore a- ming. 46 mongthe Egiptians they fignific fwimming: !
They are cuill mafinered and natured,wherfore they are alfo pidtutd to fignifie wrath, x i Saal they atefovnapefable.The Latins vfe them adie&iuely to fignifie any angry, ftubborn, froward, or rauening man. ‘They will imitate all humaine aGtions,louing wonderfully to Their loue weare garments, and of their owne accord they cloth themfelues inthe skinnes of wilde Tons beaftsthey hauekilled, they are as luftfull and Venereous as goats, attempting to defile all forts of women, and yetthey loue little children, and their females will fuffer them tofacketheir brefts if they beheld tothem,and fome fay they will fucke womens brefts [ke little children. There was fuch a beaft brought to the Frenchkitig, his heade being likea Dogs, andhis other parts likea mans, haninglegs, handsand Armes naked likea
go mans, and a white necke, he did eatefodde fic(hifo mannerly and modeftly, taking his .4Hiftory.
meat in his handes, and putting itto his mouth, that any man woulde thinke hehad vn- Divos derftood humain conditions : he ftood vprightlikea man, and fatedowüelikea man.He — ' difcerned men and wornen afünder, and aboue allloued the companic of women, and young maidens, his genitall member was greater then might march the quantitie of his other parts : he being moued to wrath, would rage anid fet vpon men, but being, pacifi- ed,behaued himfelfcas meekly and gently as aman ,andwas oucrcome with A s
ewing.
in perticular.
áz T be Hifloryof foure-footed Beaftes.
Chewing hirnfelfe well pleafed with thofe that fport with: him. "The Xomades; peoplé of e£thyopia,and thenations of Menitimori liue vpon themilke of cynocephals,keeping great: ü hear ds ofthem,& killing all the males, except fomie few preferued for procteations ^ — — E "Tl fiie oig Sia Vo STIS AG. MIGOS FO Tom 2i , ionsauy i0
sr " 1
bade t
of calléda Tartarine, and infome > pláces a Magot , (imuchlyke a... Baboun, as appeareth by his naturall circumcifion) beeing. asgteat asia - (Ae > Grey-hound, & walked for the moft.....N part ontwolegs, being clothed with afouldiers coat, and afword girded. , to his fide, fo that the moft parte thought him. to be fome Monfter- little-man , for being commaunded to his kennell, he would go and tarry there all night , and inthe day time... /'* walke abroade to befeene of euery
yj be Beats
man:Itwas doubrfull whether hee... b 9e LOT |
were of the Munkey kind, orthe 24- \ 1 iy a ( ? M
boon, his voice was likethe fqueekiug-. Bm. lili Ne Tet e ofaMoufe, but his afpe&and coun- | SSSI SEAT TN * tenance was fierce, truculent, and . | SSeS AR) NS 'fearefull, as his imageisheeredifci-... _.. ALTES = Sey phéred. 2:2: uito " rii fomite ber T E 39 ond oa woreda — AE
E d Cynocephall ot Baboun-Apes haue giuen occafion to fome to imagine (though falfly) there were fuch men, fo
Superflitrons. Milonis the Satyres a moft rare and feldome feene Beaft, hath oc- tyres, cafioned other to thinke it was a Deuill; and the Poets with 40
their Apes, the Painters, Limmers, and Caruers, to en- creafe that fuperftition, haue therefore defcribed him with hornes on his head, and feete like Goats, whereas Satyres haue neither of both. And itmay bethatDeuils haue at fome time appeared to menin this likenes, as they haue done inthe likenes of the Onocentaureand wilde Affe, and other fnapes, it being alfo probable, that Deuils take not any denomination or fhape from Saryres, butrather the Apes themfelues from Deuils whome they refemble, for thereare many thingscommon tothe Satyre-apes and deuilith Satyres,as their human {hape, their abode in folitary places, their rough-hayre, and luftto women, wherewith- go all other Apes arenaturally infected : but efpecially Satyres. Whereforethe. auncient Grecians conie&turetheir name to be deriued as it were of Stathes, fignifying the yarde or virile member : and it is certaine that the deuils haue exercifed their preeftigious luft, Theirname. orrathertheir imagination of luft vpon mankind, whereof commeth that diftin&ion of Fat, thatfomeare Incubidefilers of Women, and fome Succubi defiled by men: Per- . - aduenture thename of Satyre is more fitly deriuéd from the hebrew Sair.Efa.34.where- of
Visi. Lave eo aera E - db tape Eh te oiu s li) prae b SE OE ORL NE Rae | oh e : D e ji Iw T8. »
of the Satyre. 13
of the plurall is feirizz,; Efa.13. whichis interpreted monfters of the Defart, or rough
- hairy Fawnes sand when i/stm is put to feir , it fignifieth Goats. tm $ The Chaldeans for feirim vender febedin s that is, euill deuils : and the Arabians lefeja- thin, that is fatanas : the Perfyans Dewan,the Illyryans Deuadai and Dewas : the Germans. Teufel. They which paffed through the worldand exercifed dauncing and other {ports for Dionifivs were called Satyres, and fometimes Tytir7, becaufe of their wanton fonges; fometimes Sélent(although He li fos the difference is, that the fimaller and younger beatts to arecalled Satiri, the elder and greater Silent : ) Alfo Bacche and Nympha, where- fore Bacchus 1s pictured ri-
dingin à chariot of Vine- RSS N ws branches , Silenus ridinge T a wir NE: Ea Li
Bia || WWE 2 DON befide himonan Affe,and i PA UW’. Se Nen Gyraldsis. the Bacche ot Satyres fha- £ vt N e. een X king togither their ftaulkie j^ i &- 2e lauelines and Paulmers.By 1 AER
20 reafon of their leaping they are caled Seirti, and the an- ticke or fatyricall dauncing
ficinnis, and they alfo fom- times /icinnifie; fomtimes | eA gipane: wherefore Pliny reporteth, that among the wefterne Ethiopians , there are certaine little hilles full IS ofthe S«tirique -£gipane, j
$9 andthat in the night time i they vfe great fires, piping 2 ——————
and danfing, with awonder == ===
full noife of Tymbrels and ~ PII cymbals : and fo alfo in At- Yu na1e9quqs 2t
Grapaldus
las amongeft the Moores, whereof there was no footing; remnaht, or appearanceto be found in the day time. On Hwee? sbnsg ti Crees © The Satyres are in the Iflands Satirtdewhich are three in number {tanding right ouer Prol:2,7. againft India on the farther fide of Ganges; of which Euphemus Car tehearfeth this hifto- Countries of ry : that when he fayledinto Italy,bythe tage of winde and euill weather they were dri- oe 4o uen toa coaft vnnauigable; where were many defart Iflandes inbabited of wilde men, . andthe Marrinersretufedto landvpon fome Iflanas, having heretofore had triall of the inhumaineand vnciuill behauiour of the inhabitants 3 fothat they brought vs to the /a- tirian Iflands, where we faw the inhabitants red; and hadtayles ioyned to their back not muchleffethen horffes. Thefe,being perceiuedby the Marriners to runto the fhippes and lay holdonthe women that were inthem, the fhip-men forfeate,tooke one of the Theirluftfall Barbarian women and fet her on the land among them, whom ia moft odious and filthy difpotition. - maner they abufed, not onely in that partthat nature bath ordained, but over the whole ‘body mott libidinoufly, whereby they found them to beverybruitbeafts. «© Thereare alfo Satzres in the Eaftern mountaines of India, in the country ofthe Carta- go duli,and in the prouince ofthe Comariand corude, bütthe Cebi fpoken of before bred in Ethiopia, are not Satyres (thou gh faced like them : )nor the Pra/yan Apes, which refem- ble Satyres in fhort beards. Thereare many kindes of thefe Satyres better diltingui- pinerfitie of fhed by names then any properties naturall known vnto vs. Suchare the-£¢ipane befor kindes, ,..- declared, Nymphes of the Poets; Fawnes, pan Sc fileni which in time of the Gentiles were worfhippedfor gods; andit was onc part of their religion, to fet vp the picture ofaSa- P/»y tyre attheir dores and gates, for a remedy againft the bewirching of enuious prp the
Phiny Paul.vener,
RET m
a.
|
| H sh 1
Trani irt ty Hal oat tite Ti T d E Wi An B del D 4 we T rt iat SAI: n5. mna PR ] il 2 tal 1r Y P er (EM [E qui Th J^ b e. nee FI i je h " LE i-r 1 d d
Tori T
|
on. ey
ey
ars
ay VEDI e Lm Pré rel Pi Jj Un J
Hermolaus.
2 Haye
Refemblance ot Satyres.
Their proui- fion of food.
Theis taklng
Yaming of Satyies
T he Hiftory of foure-footed Beaffes.
the ftatué of Priapus inthe agalma of a Satyre in their gardens : for which caufe, weread of many pictures made of Satyres. Amtipbilus made a very noble one in a Panthers skin, calling tt 4pofcopom that is, Iri-faced.. Another Painter of Ariffides, painted it crowned with a drinking cup, figniftyng therby the beaftlines of drunkards. Miroz had one pain- ted hearing and admiring pipes, and another called Perzbeetos at Athens, as is reported, and that Praxitelss was wonderfully in loue therewith; wherupon beeirig at fupper wich Phryne the noble harlot, who had begged of him the beft piece of worke he had ,confen- ted, with this condition, that he would not tell hir which he loued bett: wherupon thee, to fatisfie hirfelfe, priuily fuborned one of his flanes,tocome in at {upper time, and tell him his houfe and moft of his goods were burned, whereat being amazed, demanded if Cupid and the Satyre were fate, by which {ne knew the beft peece, and asked cupid, refu- fing the Satyre. Protogenes had one painted holding pipes in his hande, and was called Anopanomenos: ad Timantheshad painted cyclops fleeping ina little tablet, with Satyres ftanding befrde him,meafuring witha iauelyn the length of histhumbe. | Satyres haueno humain conditions in them, nor other refemblance of men befide
their outward thape : though Sa/zwi fpeake ofthem likeas of men. They cary their meat
vndet their chin as ina ftore-houfe, and from thence being hungry they cake it forthto cate, making it ordinary withthem euery day which is but annuall in the Formic. lions;
1d
being of very vnquiet motioits aboue other Apes. They arehardly taken, except ficke; :
great with yong, old, or afleepe: for Sy/ahad a Satyre brought him which was taken a {leepe neere Apollonia, in the holy place Nympheum, of whom he(by diuers interpreters demanded many queftions,but reeciued no anfwer, faue only a voice much likethe nei- yng ofa horfe,wherofhe being afraid fent him away aliue. PAi/offratus teleth another hi- ftory, how that 4polonius and his colleagues {upping ina village of Ethiopic beyond the
, fall of 2@lus they heardafudden outcry of women calling toone another; fome faying,
Take him, others,Follow him : \ikewife prouoking their husbands to helpethem :the men prefently tooke clubs, ftones, or what came firit to hand, complaining ofan iniury don. vito their Wiues. Now fome ten moneths before there had appeared a fearfull fhew of a Satyre;faging vpon their women, and had flaintwo of them, with whom he was in lou: the companions of Apollonius quaked at the hearing hereof, and Nilus one of them {ware (by fone) that they being naked and vnarmed, could notbe able to refift him in his out- ragious luft, butthat he wouldaccomplith his wantonnes as before : yet {aid Apollonius, there is aremedy to quaile thefe wantonsleaping beafts, which men fay Midas vied (for Midas was of kindred to Satyres, as appeared by his eares.) This Midas heard his mother fay, that Satyres louedtobe drunke with. wine, and then fleep foundly, and after that be fo moderat, mild and gentle, that aman would thinke they had loft their firft nature.
/"NNhervponhe putwineintoa fountain neere the high-way, whereof when the Satyre
ie
39
. hadtaftedlie waxed mecke. fuddenly, and was ouercome. Now, thatwethinke not this
Panfanias. Macrobins.
afable (faith Apollonius ) let vs goto the gouernor ofthe Towne,and inquire of him whe- ther there be atiy wine to be had that we may offer it to the Satyre, wherunto all confen- ted, &theyfilled foure great Egyptian earthen veflels with wine and put it into the foun- tain where their cattel were watred: this don. Apollonius called the Satyre fecretly thret- “ning him, and the Satyte inraged with the faueur ofthe wine cames after he had drunke thereof, Now faid Apollentus, let vs facrifice tothe Satyre for he íleepeth, andfoled the inhabitants to thedens ofthe Nymphes, diftant afurlong from the towne and thewed thé "the Satyre, faying s Neither beat,curfle,or prouoke him henceforth, and he fhall neuer "harme you. It is certaine, that the deuils do many waies delude men in thelikenes of Sa- tyres, for when the drunken feafts of Bacchus were yearely celebrated in Parza//us there were many fightes of Satyres, and voyces,and founding of cymbals heard : yet is it like- ly that there aremenalfo like Satyres inhabiting in fome defart places 5 for S. Jeromin the life of Paul the Eremite, reporteththereappeared to S. Antony an Hippot-ntaure {uch
MenlikeSa- a5 the Poets defcribe and prefently he faw in arocky valley adioining, alitle man hauing
tytes
-erokednoftrils, hornes growing out of his forhed, and the neather part ofhis body had Goats feet: the holy man not difmay ed, taking the fhield of faith, and the breaft-plate
"of righteoufneffe, like agood fouldior of Chrift, preafed toward him, which brought
him fome fruites of palmes as pledges of his peace, vpon which he fedin the iourney 5 | | which
pru e daa ur M E ! HOLT
40
$9
of the Satyre, 15
which faint Anthony perceiving, he asked iin who he was, andreceiued this anfwere $ Jama mortall creature, one of the inhabitants of this Defart, whome the Gentiles de- ceiuedwitherror) doe worfhip and call Fann/,Satyres, and Incubi : Iani come inambaf- fage from our flocke, intreating that thou wouldft pray for vs vnto thecommon GOD, who came to faue the world : the which words were nofooner ended, but he ran away as faftas any foule could fy: And leaftthis fhould feemefalfe, vnder Conftantineat A- lexandria, there was fucha manto bé feene.aliue,and was a publike fpeétacleto allthe - CAs Worldsthe carcaffe whereof after his death was kept from corruption by heat,through fal, and wás cariédto.À n vro ciu « thatthe Emperor himfelfemightfeeit. — 6 2
1e | Satyresare very fildome feene, and taken with great difficulty as is before faide: for Aer. there were twoof.thofe founde in the woods of Saxony towatds Dacia, inadefart; the ve Serial. femalewhereof was killed by the darts of the hunters, andthe biting of Dogs, but the taken. male was taken aliue,beinginthe vpper parts like aman, and in the neather pariesdikea sj 2-027 Goat; butall hairy throughout : he was brought te be tame, and learned.to. go-vpright, a! and alfotofpeake fome wordes, but with avoicelikea Goa, and without all reafon: he was exceeding luftfull to women, attempting to rauifh. many of what condition foeuer they were, and of this kinde there are {tore in Erhiepia« d 5rd sd sil
E t
LATS?
28
THE FIGVRE OF ANOTHER i d
fe MONSTER.
y goal | HE famous learned man George Fabricius, (hewed methis ee li | (nape ofa monftrous beatt tha. is ficto be royined to the fto- + Satyr D | A of Satyres. There was ( {aide he ) inthe territory of the ^^ 7 ^ ü i Bifhop of Salceburgh, inafotrett called Fannesbergh,acet- — 7 7 RM 50 taine foure-footed beaft, of a yellowifh-carna ion colours ciu and i / but fo wilde that he would neuer be drawne to looke vppon nature. M any man; hiding himfelfe in the darkett places;dndbeeing — pu watched diligently, would not be prouoked to come forth \ , Y\\omuchas to eate his meate, fo that in a very (hort time it 1M UM 9| was famithed. Thehincer legs were much valike die for- a mer, and alfo much longer» It was taken about tlie year of che Lord, one tho ufad, fiue hi | todas Cz | "T hüb- T] hu
BENG eee SSS T ee a Ee Sees
16 T he Biftory of foure-footed Beaftes.
hundred thirty, whofe image being herefo liuely defcribed, may faue vs further labour
1
: in difcourfing of his maine and different parts and proportion.
OF THE NORVEGIAN. . | ! M QS dy v bhowodi sis! o: ors ita
Heit. Beet, [[aesaacee =| Henascertaine Ambaffadors were fent from James the fourth of that QAO nameking of Scotland, among whom was James: Oeill chatfamousf, cho- o3 ler of the Vniuerfitie of abberdoz, they nofoonertooke fhippirig ahd Vis: hoyfted fayle but there fodainly arofe {uch atémpeftiiousftorme,that yx they were driuen to the coaftsof Norway: : andthere going on fhore, —— they were very flrangely affrighted, to fee (as tó them it appeared) certaine wild, monftrous-men, running onthe tops ofthe mountaines. Afterward,they
Menfters ik -weretold by the inhabitants that they were beafts (andnor men }which didbeare mor- pe tallhatredto mankind, although they could not abidethe prefence of a manscounte- Hatredto hance, yet in darke nights, when thereuerent vilage ofhumaine creatures are couered, mankind — they will come downe by troopes vpon the villages, and except the barking of dogges driue chem backe they breake open dores, and entet houfes, killing and deuouring who
foeuer they find ; for their ftrength is fo vnrefiftable and great, that they can pull vp by
the rootes a tree of meane ftature, and tearing the boughes from the bodye, with the
The great
10
frength of {tocke or ftem thereof they fight one with anothér:*WVhich when the Ambaffad. heard, ??
thefebeafts, they caufed afure watch to be keptall night, and withallmade- exceeding great fires,and when the light appeared, they tooke their farwell of thofe Montter-breeding-fhores,re- couering with ioy the courfe which beforethey had loft by tempeft. —
30
Of the -£GOP ITHECVS.>" =). ~
* Diuers fhaps X . ; a UM. [ Nderthe Equinotts- idu, | p vC NA. «lI reward the Eaft & | aa AL "© fouthiytbereis akind
..1 "of Apecalled /£evpithécus,
canApe like a^Goate. For
/ ', &thereare Apes like Beares,
— oov cs called Ard apitbeci & (ome
. ; i like Lyonis;calléd-Leontope-
The deferip- ~~ thétijandfome like-Dogs, EA à ES . called Cynocephali; as is be- S HN E-v-7 WN ^ -" fereexpreffcdsand manye
= Ss Z NO OSS Sh °) ether which have a mixtre-
S 7 NEM ^ Aemblance of other crea-
Xt 7 a \\ turesin their members.
i EZ XC t= ^ “Amongft thereftis therea
| WE We "beatt called P4420 3-who in
| NS NY \ | Das his head, face; horns, legs,
NS ANY \) . and fromthe loynes down-
NS We RN | ; warde refembleth a Goat,
is CN but in his belly, breaft,and
E E) armes, an Ape; fuchaone
n : was fent by che king of /z4j- Nicephorus | WN yA ansto Conftantine, which |
(alifibins ——7J ee 5 being (hut vp ‘ina Caueor A quí um Clofe place , by reafon of
nc E Erici n -thewildnel(@theveof lated
ages NEw therebutafeafon, & when
/ it was dead and bowelled,
! $ they pouldred it with {pi-
ces,and carried ittobe feene at Conftantinople : the which beaft hauing beenefeene of
the auncient Grecians, were fo amazed at the ftrangnefle thereof, that they receiued it
for a god,as they did a Satyreand other ftrange beafts. Du. TN Uf
- i edi = —— ; x E
DOO
16
20
$0
qo
than other Apes, fo the Sa- Plinys tyres and Sphynges aremore mecke and gentle, for they are notfo wilde that they will ; 2 Their nature
not bee’ tamed , nor yet fo tame but they will reuenge their own harmes : as appea- red by that which was flayne pr ina publikefpe&acle among the 7hebazes . They carrye their meat inthe ftorehoufes of their own chaps orchecks, . Mannerof —
, , ‘carrieng their taking it forth when they are Uer hungry; and fo eat it : not be- ing like the Formice, forthat _\, | | 5
Lh i . Nei a Wr mmy. which is annuallinthem, is — Y yy yp WA daily and hourely amongeft LL) | =
i) MEE Di, Ss
The name of this Sphynx | tus : PIRA Ofthe name istaken from” binding, as ap- ops peareth by the Greek notati- . thereot on, or elfe of delicacie and TRE *Hermolaus. dainty nice * loofneffe, (wherefore there were certain common firumpetscalled Sphin- |... —
* Uarrianus
_ynakea treble-formed monfter, a Maydens face, a Lyons legs, and thewings of afowle,
$0
est Of the Sphinx. i5
OF THE SPHINGA .. | ah
Or SPHINX
HE Sphinx or Sphingais of thekinde of Apes, hauing his
body rough like Apes, but his breaftvp to hisnecke, pilde ,,
and {inooth without hayre:the face is very round yet {aarp pCa $i yy | and piked, hauing the breafts ofwomen, and their fauor or. The detcrip= vifage much like them: Inthat part of their body which is, *?»-
bare without haire, thereisa certainered thing rifingin a
round circle like Millet feed, which giueth great grace & . comelineffe totheir coulour; which in the middle parte is
humaine : Their voice is very like a mans but not artic ulat;. foundingas if one did fpeake haftily with indignationorfo- «£a». row. Their haire browne or fwárthy coulour.- They are bred in /z4iaand Erbyopia- In UE MEE x thepromontory ofthe fartheft 4rabia neere Dira, are Sphinges and certaine Lyonscal "^^
led Forzice, fo likewife they areto be found amongeft the Trogladite. Asthe Babouns & Cynoeephals are more wilde
; Bent-formicat
& « and the Megarian Sphingas,wasa very popular phrafe for notorious harlots ) hath giuen occafion tothe Poets, to faigne a certaine monfter called Sphynx, which they fay was thus deriued. Hydra brought foorth the Chimera, Chimera by Orthusthe 5 phinx, and the Nemean Lyon: now this Orthws was one of Geryons Dogges. This Sphinx they pod. or as Aufonius